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A Victor of Salamis
A Victor of Salamis

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 209 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Victor of Salamis
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE Ughthe dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.
The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.
They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.
The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.
A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Victor of Salamis

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 209 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISEUghthe dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.
Line 2
The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.
Line 3
They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.
Line 4
The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.
Line 5
A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.
/ə ˈspɑːrtən sɔːrd hæd ɡreɪzd hɪz ˈfɔːrhed/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

grazed adjective US /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading “A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.”

grunted verb US /ˈɡrʌntɪd/

past form of “grunt” — issue a grunting, low, animal-like noise

From this reading “MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.”

ivory noun US /ˈaɪvəri/

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading “MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.”

perish verb US /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading ““They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.”

raged verb US /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading “The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.”

rejoined verb US /riˈdʒɔɪnd/

past form of “rejoin” — join again

From this reading ““They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.”

shivering noun US /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading “MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.”

Spartan adjective US /ˈspɑːrtən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people

From this reading “A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

bow-bearer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

disagreeablyadverb

in a disagreeable manner

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

Eternity's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.

GIVESnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

grazedadjectiveUS /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.

gruntedverbUS /ˈɡrʌntɪd/

past form of “grunt” — issue a grunting, low, animal-like noise

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.

ivorynounUS /ˈaɪvəri/

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

MARDONIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

perishverbUS /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

PROMISEverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

ragedverbUS /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

rejoinedverbUS /riˈdʒɔɪnd/

past form of “rejoin” — join again

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

shiveringnounUS /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

SpartanadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːrtən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people

From this reading A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading A Spartan sword had grazed his forehead.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The battle had raged disagreeably close to him.

Ugh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The bow-bearer himself was covered with blood and dust.

Xerxes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MARDONIUS GIVES A PROMISE “Ugh—the dogs died hard, but they are dead,” grunted Xerxes, still shivering on the ivory throne.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “They are dead; even so perish all of your Eternity’s enemies,” rejoined Mardonius, close by.

Chapter 21 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis holds 209 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of A Victor of Salamis contain?

Chapter 21 holds 209 sentences of A Victor of Salamis, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 209 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of A Victor of Salamis?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Victor of Salamis

Common questions about reading A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Victor of Salamis?

Yes. All 9333 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27587 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Victor of Salamis is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27587, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Victor of Salamis take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1867 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through A Victor of Salamis section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Victor of Salamis

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Victor of Salamis, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Belshazzar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.