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A Victorious Union
A Victorious Union

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Victorious Union is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.
The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.
More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.
While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.
He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Victorious Union

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Victorious Union is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.
Line 2
The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.
/ðə kəˈmændər ənd hɪz ɪɡˈzekjətɪv ˈɔːfəsər ˈleɪbərd fɔːr ðə prəˈmoʊʃən ʌv ˈtoʊtəl ˈæbstənəns əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈɔːfəsərz ənd kruː/
Line 3
More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.
/mɔːr ðæn ðə ˈjuːʒəwəl prəˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ðə men kəˈmjuːtɪd ðer ɡrɑːɡ ˈræʃən fɔːr ˈmʌni θruː ðə ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈɔːfəsərz/
Line 4
While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.
Line 5
He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstinence noun US /ˈæbstənəns/

the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol)

From this reading “The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.”

commuted verb US /kəˈmjuːtɪd/

past form of “commute” — exchange positions without a change in value

From this reading “More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.”

conformity noun US /kənˈfɔːrməti/

correspondence in form or appearance

From this reading “ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.”

executive noun US /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/

a person responsible for the administration of a business

From this reading “The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.”

grog noun US /ɡrɑːɡ/

rum cut with water

From this reading “More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.”

intoxicating adjective US /ˌɪnˈtɑːksɪkeɪtɪŋ/

causing intoxication

From this reading “ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.”

liquors noun US /ˈlɪkərz/

plural of “liquor” — an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading “ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.”

ration noun US /ˈræʃən/

the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading “More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

abstinencenounUS /ˈæbstənəns/

the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol)

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

accordverbUS /əˈkɔːrd/

go together

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

allynounUS /ˈælaɪ/

a friendly nation

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

apple-jack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

ashoreadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

BOARDnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

bottlenounUS /ˈbɑːtəl/

a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

commutedverbUS /kəˈmjuːtɪd/

past form of “commute” — exchange positions without a change in value

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

conformitynounUS /kənˈfɔːrməti/

correspondence in form or appearance

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

COTTONnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

deck-housenoun

a superstructure on the upper deck of a ship

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

drinkingnounUS /ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

executivenounUS /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/

a person responsible for the administration of a business

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

grognounUS /ɡrɑːɡ/

rum cut with water

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

intoxicatingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɑːksɪkeɪtɪŋ/

causing intoxication

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

involuntarilyadverbUS /ˌɪnvoʊˈlʌntərɪli/

against your will

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

laboredadjectiveUS /ˈleɪbərd/

lacking natural ease

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

liquornounUS /ˈlɪkər/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

liquorsnounUS /ˈlɪkərz/

plural of “liquor” — an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

ProbablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

promotionnounUS /prəˈmoʊʃən/

a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

rationnounUS /ˈræʃən/

the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

SCHOONERnounUS /ˈskuːnər/

a large beer glass

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading He had settled the liquor question to his own satisfaction in the deck-house, returning the bottle to French.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading The commander and his executive officer labored for the promotion of total abstinence among the officers and crew.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

traitorsnounUS /ˈtreɪtərz/

plural of “traitor” — someone who betrays his country by committing treason

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading More than the usual proportion of the men commuted their "grog ration" for money, through the influence of the principal officers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

WindnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ON BOARD OF THE COTTON SCHOONER Probably some, if not all, of the six men in the deck-house of the West Wind were in the habit of taking intoxicating liquors when they were ashore, and when it was served out on board of the ship in conformity with the rules and traditions of the navy.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading While the commander of the present expedition accepted the aid of the powerful ally, "apple-jack," in the service of his country, drinking freely appeared to him to be about the same thing as going over to the enemy; and he could not permit his men to turn traitors involuntarily, when he knew they would not do so of their own free will and accord.

Chapter 8 of A Victorious Union by Oliver Optic holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of A Victorious Union contain?

Chapter 8 holds 99 sentences of A Victorious Union, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of A Victorious Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Is this the complete text of A Victorious Union?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #18678, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in A Victorious Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Victorious Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Colors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victorious Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victorious Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Emblematic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victorious Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victorious Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.