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A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With is here in full — 341 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With
Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
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OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.
That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.
But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.
Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.
Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With is here in full — 341 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.
/ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz ɑːn ðə steɪt ʌv ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃən tuː wɪtʃ ˈwʊmən ɪz rəˈduːst baɪ ˈveriəs ˈkɑːzəz/
Line 2
That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.
/ðæt ˈwʊmən ɪz ˈnætʃərəli wiːk ɔːr dɪˈɡreɪdəd baɪ ə kənˈkɜːrəns ʌv ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ɪz aɪ θɪŋk klɪr/
Line 3
But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.
Line 4
Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.
Line 5
Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.
/ˈwɪmən aɪ ˈɑːrɡjuː frʌm əˈnælədʒi ɑːr dɪˈɡreɪdəd baɪ ðə seɪm prəˈpensɪti tuː ˌenˈdʒɔɪ ðə ˈprezənt ˈmoʊmənt ənd æt læst dɪˈspaɪz ðə ˈfriːdəm wɪtʃ ðeɪ hæv nɑːt səˈfɪʃənt ˈvɝː.tʃuː tuː ˈstrʌɡəl tuː əˈteɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analogy noun US /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading “Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.”

asserting adjective US /əˈsɜːrtɪŋ/

relating to the use of or having the nature of a declaration

From this reading “Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.”

birthright noun US /ˈbɜːrθraɪt/

a right or privilege that you are entitled to at birth

From this reading “Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.”

concurrence noun US /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading “That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.”

obsequious adjective US /əbˈsiːkwiəs/

attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery

From this reading “But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.”

penned verb US /pend/

inflected form of “pen” — produce a literary work

From this reading “But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.”

propensity noun US /prəˈpensɪti/

an inclination to do something

From this reading “Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.”

spurn verb US /spɜːrn/

reject with contempt

From this reading “But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

analogynounUS /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

argueverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuː/

present reasons and arguments

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

assertingadjectiveUS /əˈsɜːrtɪŋ/

relating to the use of or having the nature of a declaration

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

birthrightnounUS /ˈbɜːrθraɪt/

a right or privilege that you are entitled to at birth

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

CAUSESnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

chainsnounUS /tʃeɪnz/

metal shackles; for hands or legs

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

conclusionnounUS /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

concurrencenounUS /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

DEGRADATIONnounUS /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃən/

changing to a lower state (a less respected state)

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

degradedadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdəd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

despiseverbUS /dɪˈspaɪz/

look down on with disdain

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

lickverbUS /lɪk/

beat thoroughly and conclusively in a competition or fight

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

liftverbUS /lɪft/

raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

obsequiousadjectiveUS /əbˈsiːkwiəs/

attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

OBSERVATIONSnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

oppressionnounUS /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

patientlyadverbUS /ˈpeɪʃəntli/

with patience; in a patient manner

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

pennedverbUS /pend/

inflected form of “pen” — produce a literary work

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

propensitynounUS /prəˈpensɪti/

an inclination to do something

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

REDUCEDadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

spurnverbUS /spɜːrn/

reject with contempt

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

STATEnounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

to-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

VARIOUSadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading That woman is naturally weak, or degraded by a concurrence of circumstances is, I think, clear.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

WOMANnounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF DEGRADATION TO WHICH WOMAN IS REDUCED BY VARIOUS CAUSES.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Women, I argue from analogy, are degraded by the same propensity to enjoy the present moment; and, at last, despise the freedom which they have not sufficient virtue to struggle to attain.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But this position I shall simply contrast with a conclusion, which I have frequently heard fall from sensible men in favour of an aristocracy: that the mass of mankind cannot be any thing, or the obsequious slaves, who patiently allow themselves to be penned up, would feel their own consequence, and spurn their chains.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

yokenounUS /joʊk/

fabric comprising a fitted part at the top of a garment

From this reading Men, they further observe, submit every where to oppression, when they have only to lift up their heads to throw off the yoke; yet, instead of asserting their birthright, they quietly lick the dust, and say, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.

Chapter 4 of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With by Mary Wollstonecraft holds 341 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With contain?

Chapter 4 holds 341 sentences of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With by Mary Wollstonecraft exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 341 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With

Common questions about reading A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With by Mary Wollstonecraft on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With?

Yes. All 2319 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3420 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3420, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With take to read?

About 193 minutes of reading across 464 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rights
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Involved
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Duties
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mankind
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman With; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.