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A Virginia cavalier
A Virginia cavalier

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of A Virginia cavalier is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Virginia cavalier
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:
“Chris’mus.
Marse George.
Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”
Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Virginia cavalier

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of A Virginia cavalier is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:
/ɪt siːmd tuː dʒɔːrdʒ ðæt hiː hæd nɑːt bɪn ɪn bed æn ˈaʊər bɪˈfɔːr hiː hɜːrd ɪn ðə ɡreɪ ˈɡlɪmər ʌv dɔːn ˈbɪliz vɔɪs ˈkraɪɪŋ/
Line 2
“Chris’mus.
Line 3
Marse George.
Line 4
Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”
Line 5
Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Billy's noun US /ˈbɪliz/

possessive form of “billy” — a short stout club used primarily by policemen

floated verb US /ˈfloʊtəd/

past form of “float” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

glimmer noun US /ˈɡlɪmər/

a flash of light (especially reflected light)

From this reading “It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:”

melody noun US /ˈmelədi/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

recognized adjective US /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

sleeper noun US /ˈsliːpər/

a rester who is sleeping

From this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

upward adjective US /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

winder noun US /ˈwɪndər/

a worker who winds (e.g., a winch or clock or other mechanism)

From this reading “Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sound sleeper noun + noun

In this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

in an instant preposition + article + noun counted as “in … instant”

In this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

from the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “from … ground”

In this reading “Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.”

in bed preposition + noun

In this reading “It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

Billy'snounUS /ˈbɪliz/

possessive form of “billy” — a short stout club used primarily by policemen

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

Chris'mus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Chris’mus.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

cryingadjectiveUS /ˈkraɪɪŋ/

demanding attention

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

dem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

floatedverbUS /ˈfloʊtəd/

past form of “float” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

glimmernounUS /ˈɡlɪmər/

a flash of light (especially reflected light)

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

instantnounUS /ˈɪnstənt/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

jes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

listenverbUS /ˈlɪsən/

hear with intention

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

Marse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Marse George.

melodynounUS /ˈmelədi/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

niggers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

singin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

sleepernounUS /ˈsliːpər/

a rester who is sleeping

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading It seemed to George that he had not been in bed an hour before he heard, in the gray glimmer of dawn, Billy’s voice, crying:

waked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although a sound sleeper, George always waked quickly, and in an instant he recognized the Christmas melody that floated upward from the ground outside.

windernounUS /ˈwɪndər/

a worker who winds (e.g., a winch or clock or other mechanism)

From this reading Chris’mus! an’ jes listen to dem niggers singin’ under de winder!”

Chapter 10 of A Virginia cavalier by Molly Elliot Seawell holds 126 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of A Virginia cavalier contain?

Chapter 10 holds 126 sentences of A Virginia cavalier, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of A Virginia cavalier by Molly Elliot Seawell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 126 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of A Virginia cavalier?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Virginia cavalier

Common questions about reading A Virginia cavalier by Molly Elliot Seawell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Virginia cavalier?

Yes. All 3248 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71672 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Virginia cavalier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71672, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Virginia cavalier take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 650 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Virginia cavalier section by section

How to work through A Virginia cavalier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of A Virginia cavalier to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Virginia cavalier

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Virginia cavalier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Virginia cavalier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Washington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Virginia cavalier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great--but
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Virginia cavalier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Himself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Virginia cavalier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.