Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Voyage to Spitzbergen
A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Voyage to Spitzbergen
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.
In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.
In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.
It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.
Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.
Line 2
In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.
Line 3
In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.
Line 4
It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.
Line 5
Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

braved verb US /breɪvd/

past form of “brave” — face and withstand with courage

From this reading “In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.”

contrivances noun US /kənˈtraɪvənsɪz/

plural of “contrivance” — a device or control that is very useful for a particular job

From this reading “In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.”

Iceberg noun US /ˈaɪsbərɡ/

a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier

From this reading “Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.”

inhospitable adjective US /ɪnˈhɑːspətəbəl/

unfavorable to life or growth

From this reading “In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.”

observes verb US /əbˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “observe” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading “In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.”

overcoming verb US /ˈoʊvərkʌmɪŋ/

-ing form of “overcome” — win a victory over

From this reading “In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.”

Pennant noun US /ˈpenənt/

the award given to the champion

From this reading “In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.”

westerly adverb US /ˈwestərli/

toward the west

From this reading “Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ingenious contrivances adjective + noun counted as “ingenious contrivance”

In this reading “In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.”

westerly direction noun + noun

In this reading “Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.”

necessary preparations adjective + noun counted as “necessary preparation”

In this reading “Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.”

ten leagues noun + noun counted as “ten league”

In this reading “Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.”

towards the south preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … south”

In this reading “Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.”

good health adjective + noun

the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease

In this reading “In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.”

next summer adjective + noun

In this reading “In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.”

by accident preposition + noun

In this reading “In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

14th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

15th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

1630

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

1743

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

1749

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

bravedverbUS /breɪvd/

past form of “brave” — face and withstand with courage

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

contrivancesnounUS /kənˈtraɪvənsɪz/

plural of “contrivance” — a device or control that is very useful for a particular job

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

CrossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

Crusoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

EnglishmennounUS /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

fishingnounUS /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/

the act of someone who fishes as a diversion

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

IcebergnounUS /ˈaɪsbərɡ/

a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

ingeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

ingenuitynounUS /ˌɪndʒəˈnuːətiː/

the power of creative imagination

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

inhospitableadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɑːspətəbəl/

unfavorable to life or growth

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

JannounUS /dʒæn/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

leaguesnounUS /liːɡz/

plural of “league” — an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

Mayen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

observesverbUS /əbˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “observe” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

overcomingverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌmɪŋ/

-ing form of “overcome” — win a victory over

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

PennantnounUS /ˈpenənt/

the award given to the champion

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

preparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

promontorynoun

a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

relievedadjectiveUS /rɪˈliːvd/

(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

rigours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

RobinsonnounUS /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

sailorsnounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

south-westadverb

to, toward, or in the southwest

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

Spitzbergennoun

islands in the Svalbard archipelago to the east of northern Greenland; belonging to Norway

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

voyagesnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In 1630, eight Englishmen were left here by accident, and, overcoming all the difficulties they were exposed to, by their ingenuity, were next summer found in good health.

westerlyadverbUS /ˈwestərli/

toward the west

From this reading Having made fast to an Iceberg on the 13th, as before remarked, near the south-west promontory of Cross Bay, we continued in that situation during the 14th, making all the necessary preparations for the fishing, and on the 15th we sailed about ten leagues from the shore in a westerly direction, making about one point towards the south.

whale-fishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is now time to continue the account of the remainder of our voyage, together with the whale-fishing, the great object for which voyages are made to this country.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In 1743, four Russians were left here, and were not relieved till 1749, when three of the number were found alive, who had exhausted, as Pennant observes, all the ingenious contrivances related of Robinson Crusoe.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In Spitzbergen as well as in Jan Mayen, sailors have been frequently left till winter, from the same motives, and have generally met with the same fate; some, however, have been more fortunate, and have braved all the rigours of this inhospitable climate.

Chapter 3 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen by John (Surgeon) Laing holds 415 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen contain?

Chapter 3 holds 415 sentences of A Voyage to Spitzbergen, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen by John (Surgeon) Laing exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 415 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Common questions about reading A Voyage to Spitzbergen by John (Surgeon) Laing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Voyage to Spitzbergen?

Yes. All 1627 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51131 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Voyage to Spitzbergen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51131, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Voyage to Spitzbergen take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Voyage to Spitzbergen section by section

How to work through A Voyage to Spitzbergen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of A Voyage to Spitzbergen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Voyage to Spitzbergen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Voyage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spitzbergen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Containing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.