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A Voyage to Spitzbergen
A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.
We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.
_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.
In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.
For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.
Line 2
We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.
Line 3
_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.
Line 4
In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.
Line 5
For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fishery noun US /ˈfɪʃəri/

a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold

From this reading “_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.”

Greenland noun US /ˈɡriːnlənd/

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading “From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.”

imported adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtɪd/

used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source

From this reading “We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.”

Nantucket noun US /nænˈtʌkɪt/

an island resort off Cape Cod; formerly a center of the whaling industry

From this reading “_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.”

originated verb US /ərˈɪdʒəneɪtəd/

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.”

refers verb US /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading “From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.”

tonnage noun US /ˈtʌnədʒ/

a tax imposed on ships that enter the US; based on the tonnage of the ship

From this reading “From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.”

whales noun US /weɪlz/

plural of “whale” — a very large person; impressive in size or qualities

From this reading “For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

attracted the attention verb + article + noun counted as “attract … attention”

In this reading “_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.”

at length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].”

already given adverb + adjective

In this reading “We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.”

from the shore preposition + article + noun counted as “from … shore”

In this reading “_American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1690

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

1715

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

1788

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

1805

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

1810

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

35

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

adventuresnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

annualadjectiveUS /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

Brazils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

Colquhoun's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

FisherynounUS /ˈfɪʃəri/

a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

GreenlandnounUS /ˈɡriːnlənd/

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

importedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtɪd/

used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

IslandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

NantucketnounUS /nænˈtʌkɪt/

an island resort off Cape Cod; formerly a center of the whaling industry

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

originatedverbUS /ərˈɪdʒəneɪtəd/

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

refersverbUS /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

SeasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading _American Whale Fishery._--The whale fishery first attracted the attention of the Americans in 1690, and originated at the island of Nantucket, in boats from the shore.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

sloops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

thirty-eightadjective

being eight more than thirty

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

tonnagenounUS /ˈtʌnədʒ/

a tax imposed on ships that enter the US; based on the tonnage of the ship

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

tonsnounUS /tʌnz/

a large number or amount

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In 1715, six sloops, of thirty-eight tons burden each, were employed in this fishery, from that island.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

whalenounUS /weɪl/

a very large person; impressive in size or qualities

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

whalebonenoun

a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets

From this reading We have already given Dr. Colquhoun’s estimate of the value of the whale oil and whalebone imported into Great Britain from 1805 to 1810.

whalesnounUS /weɪlz/

plural of “whale” — a very large person; impressive in size or qualities

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading From 1788, this table is made up from the annual accounts laid before Parliament; and the number of ships, and the tonnage, always refers to the number of those who actually _cleared out_ for Greenland.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For many years their adventures were confined to the American coast, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils, and at length to the North and South Seas[35].

Chapter 4 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen by John (Surgeon) Laing holds 401 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen contain?

Chapter 4 holds 401 sentences of A Voyage to Spitzbergen, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen by John (Surgeon) Laing exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 401 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Voyage to Spitzbergen?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Common questions about reading A Voyage to Spitzbergen by John (Surgeon) Laing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Voyage to Spitzbergen?

Yes. All 1627 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51131 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Voyage to Spitzbergen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51131, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Voyage to Spitzbergen take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Voyage to Spitzbergen section by section

How to work through A Voyage to Spitzbergen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A Voyage to Spitzbergen

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Voyage to Spitzbergen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Voyage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spitzbergen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Containing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Voyage to Spitzbergen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.