used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/
on the subject of; concerning
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
one more of the same kind, or a different one
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
audibleadjectiveUS /ˈɑːdəbəl/
heard or perceptible by the ear
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
beesnounUS /biːz/
plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
earlier than; in front of
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
briskadjectiveUS /brɪsk/
quick and energetic
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
actively or fully engaged or occupied
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
cackleverbUS /ˈkækəl/
talk or utter in a cackling manner
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
caresnounUS /kerz/
plural of “care” — the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
chickensnounUS /ˈtʃɪkənz/
plural of “chicken” — the flesh of a chicken used for food
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
plural of “child” — a young person of either sex
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
the act of drawing spatially closer to something
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
cowsnounUS /kaʊz/
domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
cropnounUS /krɑːp/
the yield from plants in a single growing season
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
someone who is a detective
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/
the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/
the act of digging
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
apart from; not including
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
containing as much or as many as is possible or normal
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
the act of giving
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
the act of departing
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
harmoniousadjectiveUS /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/
musically pleasing
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
perceive (sound) via the auditory sense
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
hillsidenounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪd/
the side or slope of a hill
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
How
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
humverbUS /hʌm/
sing with closed lips
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/
the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
a characteristic state or mode of living
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
the time period between dawn and noon
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
to a great degree or extent
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
MurraynounUS /ˈmɜːri/
British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
not one thing; not anything
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
an event that occurs at a critical time
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
not allowed to continue to bat or run
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
have ownership or possession of
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
pasturenounUS /ˈpæstʃər/
a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
potato-field
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
not often
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
an instance of visual perception
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
deliver by singing
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
snatchesnounUS /ˈsnætʃɪz/
plural of “snatch” — a small fragment
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
a short musical composition with words
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/
plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/
impressive in appearance
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
a flight of stairs or a flight of steps
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
stillnessnounUS /ˈstɪlnəs/
(poetic) tranquil silence
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
in or at that place or location
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading How seldom it is that the mother of children has not occasion for anxiety about one or another! and it seemed to her that she had so much.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/
occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
vicinitynounUS /vəˈsɪnəti/
a surrounding or nearby region
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
Watersidenoun
land bordering a body of water
From this reading Dick was in the potato-field close by; there had been a fine crop, and he was digging them up for the market at Waterside.
(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading It was morning, and all the usual business was well begun; the cows were out in their pasture on the hillside; the chickens about the close vicinity of the house; nothing was audible except their busy cackle and the hum of the bees, which Elizabeth Murray kept, and which were one of her sources of income--and her own steps coming and going in her house.
whistlingnounUS /ˈwɪslɪŋ/
the sound made by something moving rapidly or by steam coming out of a small aperture
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
belonging to which person
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
wontnounUS /woʊnt/
an established custom
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity
From this reading He was whistling as he worked, but Elizabeth, whose mind was full of many cares, did not sing snatches now of one song, now of another, as was her wont.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading Before you came in sight of the house you could hear those brisk steps, stately and harmonious, giving a sign of life in the pleasant stillness.