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A wreath of cloud
A wreath of cloud

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A wreath of cloud is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A wreath of cloud
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Misspelled words have been corrected.
These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.
Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.
This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.
Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A wreath of cloud

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A wreath of cloud is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Misspelled words have been corrected.
/mɪsˈspeld wɜːrdz hæv bɪn kərˈektəd/
Line 2
These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.
/ðiːz ɑːr aɪˈdentəfaɪd baɪ ˈsɪmbəlz ɪn ðə tekst ənd ɑːr ʃoʊn ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈpærəɡræf ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ əˈpɪr/
Line 3
Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.
/dɪˈteɪlz ənd ˈʌðər noʊts meɪ biː faʊnd æt ðə end ʌv ðɪs tekst/
Line 4
This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.
Line 5
Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

corrected adjective US /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading “Misspelled words have been corrected.”

gap noun US /ɡæp/

a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures

From this reading “Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.”

identified adjective US /aɪˈdentəfaɪd/

having the identity known or established

From this reading “These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.”

Misspelled verb US /mɪsˈspeld/

past form of “misspell” — spell incorrectly

From this reading “Misspelled words have been corrected.”

paragraph noun US /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading “These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.”

symbols noun US /ˈsɪmbəlz/

plural of “symbol” — an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading “These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.”

text noun US /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading “These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.”

volumes noun US /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading “Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eight years adjective + noun

In this reading “Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Misspelled words have been corrected.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading Misspelled words have been corrected.

DetailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

gapnounUS /ɡæp/

a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

Genji

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Misspelled words have been corrected.

identifiedadjectiveUS /aɪˈdentəfaɪd/

having the identity known or established

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

MisspelledverbUS /mɪsˈspeld/

past form of “misspell” — spell incorrectly

From this reading Misspelled words have been corrected.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

paragraphnounUS /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

symbolsnounUS /ˈsɪmbəlz/

plural of “symbol” — an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

TalenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Details and other notes may be found at the end of this text.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading This is the last volume but one of _The Tale of Genji_ proper.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These are identified by ♦ symbols in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Misspelled words have been corrected.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Between volumes IV and V there is a gap of eight years, during which Genji has died.

Chapter 1 of A wreath of cloud by Murasaki Shikibu holds 320 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A wreath of cloud contain?

Chapter 1 holds 320 sentences of A wreath of cloud, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A wreath of cloud by Murasaki Shikibu exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 320 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A wreath of cloud?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A wreath of cloud

Common questions about reading A wreath of cloud by Murasaki Shikibu on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A wreath of cloud?

Yes. All 4285 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75852 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A wreath of cloud is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75852, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A wreath of cloud take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 857 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A wreath of cloud section by section

How to work through A wreath of cloud section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of A wreath of cloud to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A wreath of cloud

Words and structures a reader meets early in A wreath of cloud, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Misspelled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A wreath of cloud; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A wreath of cloud; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A wreath of cloud; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A wreath of cloud; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.