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A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great
A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.
Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.
The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.
A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.
A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.
/ðə haɪ priːst ɪt hæd ˈoʊnli bɪn ɪn ʃɪr dɪˈsper ðæt taɪr hæd held aʊt ˈæftər hɜːr fliːt lɔːst ðə kəˈmænd ʌv ðə siː/
Line 2
Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.
/ˈeɪbəl naʊ tuː əˈtæk ðə ˈsɪti æt ˈeni pɔɪnt ðæt hiː maɪt tʃuːz ˌæləɡˈzændər əˈbændənd ðə moʊl wɪtʃ hiː hæd bɪn æt sʌtʃ væst peɪnz tuː kənˈstrʌkt ənd kəˈmenst ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz ɑːn ðə ˈɑːpəzət saɪd ʌv ðə ˈaɪlənd əˈɡenst ðə wɔːl ðæt ˈfrʌntɪd ðə ˈoʊ.pən siː/
Line 3
The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.
Line 4
A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.
/ə fɜːrst əˈtempt feɪld ə ˈsekənd meɪd ɑːn ə ˈpɜːrfəktli kɑːm deɪ səkˈsiːdɪd ənd ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl leŋkθ ʌv wɔːl wɑːz ˈbroʊkən daʊn/
Line 5
A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breach verb US /briːtʃ/

act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises

From this reading “A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.”

construct verb US /kənˈstrʌkt/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

fronted verb US /ˈfrʌntɪd/

past form of “front” — be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to

From this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

mole noun US /moʊl/

the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

operations noun US /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

pontoons noun US /ˌpɑːnˈtuːnz/

plural of “pontoon” — (nautical) a floating structure (as a flat-bottomed boat) that serves as a dock or to support a bridge

From this reading “A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.”

Tyre noun US /taɪr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading “THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.”

withdrawn adjective US /wɪθˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading “A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

commenced operations verb + noun counted as “commence operations”

In this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

opposite side adjective + noun

In this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

against the wall preposition + article + noun counted as “against … wall”

In this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

sheer despair adjective + noun

In this reading “THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.”

HIGH PRIEST adjective + noun

a preeminent authority or major proponent of a movement or doctrine

In this reading “THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.”

considerable length adjective + noun

In this reading “A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.”

open sea verb + noun

In this reading “Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.”

first attempt adjective + noun

In this reading “A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

AbleadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

battering-rams

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

breachverbUS /briːtʃ/

act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

chooseverbUS /tʃuːz/

pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

constructverbUS /kənˈstrʌkt/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

frontedverbUS /ˈfrʌntɪd/

past form of “front” — be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

HIGHadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

molenounUS /moʊl/

the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

pontoonsnounUS /ˌpɑːnˈtuːnz/

plural of “pontoon” — (nautical) a floating structure (as a flat-bottomed boat) that serves as a dock or to support a bridge

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

PRIESTnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

sheeradjectiveUS /ʃɪr/

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

ship-board

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

TyrenounUS /taɪr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading THE HIGH PRIEST It had only been in sheer despair that Tyre had held out after her fleet lost the command of the sea.

Tyrians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A first attempt failed; a second, made on a perfectly calm day, succeeded, and a considerable length of wall was broken down.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The battering-rams were put on ship-board, and so brought to bear upon any weak places that had been discovered; and of these the Tyrians, confident of always being able to keep command of the sea, had left not a few.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Able now to attack the city at any point that he might choose, Alexander abandoned the mole which he had been at such vast pains to construct, and commenced operations on the opposite side of the island, against the wall that fronted the open sea.

withdrawnadjectiveUS /wɪθˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading A breach having been thus made, the ships that bore the battering-rams were withdrawn, and others carrying pontoons took their places.

Chapter 19 of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great by Alfred John Church holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great contain?

Chapter 19 holds 131 sentences of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great by Alfred John Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great?

Yes. All 4026 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60182 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #60182, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great take to read?

About 335 minutes of reading across 806 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alfred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Church
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lately
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Young Macedonian in the Army of Alexander the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.