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Achilles
Achilles

Chapter IV · Continuation of the Battle—The Gods Take Part

Chapter IV of Achilles, “Continuation of the Battle—The Gods Take Part,” is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Achilles
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.
Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.
Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.
Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.
One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Achilles

Chapter IV · Continuation of the Battle—The Gods Take Part

Chapter IV of Achilles, “Continuation of the Battle—The Gods Take Part,” is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.
/ðə sʌn stʊd haɪ ɪn ðə ˈhevənz ənd ðə ˈbætəl kənˈtɪnjuːd tuː reɪdʒ wɪð ðə ˈɡreɪtəst ˈbɪtərnəs/
Line 2
Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.
Line 3
Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.
Line 4
Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈtroʊdʒənz tuː sʌnz ʌv ðə rɪtʃ ənd ˈpaɪəs priːst ʌv ˈvʌlkən derz spɜːrd ˈfɔːrwərd frʌm ðə swɔːrm ʌv ˈwɔːriərz əˈɡenst hɪm/
Line 5
One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.
/wʌn ʌv ðem kæst hɪz spɪr æt ðə ˈhɪroʊ bʌt mɪst ðə mɑːrk wɪtʃ bʌt sɜːrvd tuː enˈreɪdʒ ðə ˈwɔːriər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Agamemnon noun US /ˌæɡəˈmemnɑːn/

(Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War

From this reading “Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.”

Athena noun US /əˈθiːnə/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading “Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.”

battlefield noun US /ˈbætəlfiːld/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading “Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.”

enrage verb US /enˈreɪdʒ/

put into a rage; make violently angry

From this reading “One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.”

spurred verb US /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading “Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.”

Trojans noun US /ˈtroʊdʒənz/

plural of “trojan” — a native of ancient Troy

From this reading “Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.”

Ulysses noun US /juːˈlɪsiz/

(Roman mythology) Roman spelling for Odysseus

From this reading “Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.”

Vulcan noun US /ˈvʌlkən/

(Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus

From this reading “Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two sons noun + noun counted as “two son”

In this reading “Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.”

in the heavens preposition + article + noun counted as “in … heavens”

In this reading “The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

AgamemnonnounUS /ˌæɡəˈmemnɑːn/

(Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

AthenanounUS /əˈθiːnə/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

battlefieldnounUS /ˈbætəlfiːld/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

bitternessnounUS /ˈbɪtərnəs/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

DaresnounUS /derz/

plural of “dare” — a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

Diomedes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

enrageverbUS /enˈreɪdʒ/

put into a rage; make violently angry

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

favoredadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪvərd/

preferred above all others and treated with partiality

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

HectornounUS /ˈhektər/

(Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

missedadjectiveUS /mɪst/

not caught with the senses or the mind

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

piousadjectiveUS /ˈpaɪəs/

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

ragedverbUS /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

spearnounUS /spɪr/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

spurredverbUS /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

swarmnounUS /swɔːrm/

a moving crowd

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

TrojansnounUS /ˈtroʊdʒənz/

plural of “trojan” — a native of ancient Troy

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

UlyssesnounUS /juːˈlɪsiz/

(Roman mythology) Roman spelling for Odysseus

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

VulcannounUS /ˈvʌlkən/

(Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus

From this reading Among the Trojans, two sons of the rich and pious priest of Vulcan, Dares, spurred forward from the swarm of warriors against him.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Diomedes was especially favored by Athena on this great day and laid many warriors in the dust.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of them cast his spear at the hero, but missed the mark, which but served to enrage the warrior.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sun stood high in the heavens and the battle continued to rage with the greatest bitterness.

Æneas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hector and Æneas, Agamemnon, Ulysses, and the other great heroes raged about the broad battlefield like beasts of prey.

Chapter 4 of Achilles by Karl Friedrich Becker holds 122 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Achilles contain?

Chapter 4 holds 122 sentences of Achilles, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Achilles by Karl Friedrich Becker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 122 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Achilles?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Achilles

Common questions about reading Achilles by Karl Friedrich Becker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Achilles?

Yes. All 1983 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62453 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Achilles is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62453, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Achilles take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 397 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Achilles section by section

How to work through Achilles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Achilles to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Achilles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Achilles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abridged
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friedrich
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.