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Achilles
Achilles

Chapter VIII · Agamemnon in Battle—Many of the Greeks are Wounded

Chapter VIII of Achilles, “Agamemnon in Battle—Many of the Greeks are Wounded,” is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.
The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.
At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.
For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.
As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Achilles

Chapter VIII · Agamemnon in Battle—Many of the Greeks are Wounded

Chapter VIII of Achilles, “Agamemnon in Battle—Many of the Greeks are Wounded,” is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.
/ˈmɔːrnɪŋ hæd ˈskersli dɔːnd wen ˌæɡəˈmemnɑːn kɔːld ɔːl tuː ɑːrmz əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfɔːrmoʊst ræŋks klæd ɪn hɪz moʊst ˈsplendɪd ˈɑːrmər ənd dɪˈtɜːrmənd tuː faɪt mɔːr ˌhɪˈroʊɪkli ðɪs deɪ ðæn ˈevər bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 2
The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.
Line 3
At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.
Line 4
For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.
Line 5
As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Agamemnon noun US /ˌæɡəˈmemnɑːn/

(Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War

From this reading “Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.”

armor noun US /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading “Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.”

chariots noun US /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading “The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.”

enemy's noun US /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

heroically adverb US /ˌhɪˈroʊɪkli/

in a heroic manner

From this reading “Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.”

scatter verb US /ˈskætər/

to cause to separate and go in different directions

From this reading “As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.”

scythe noun US /sɪθ/

an edge tool for cutting grass; has a long handle that must be held with both hands and a curved blade that moves parallel to the ground

From this reading “At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.”

terrorize verb US /ˈterəraɪz/

coerce by violence or with threats

From this reading “As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

foremost ranks adjective + noun counted as “foremost rank”

In this reading “Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.”

toward noon preposition + noun

In this reading “For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.”

little groups adjective + noun counted as “little group”

In this reading “As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.”

most splendid adverb + adjective

In this reading “Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.”

great mass adjective + noun

In this reading “The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.”

long lines adjective + noun counted as “long line”

In this reading “The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.”

some hours adjective + noun

In this reading “For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

Achaians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

AgamemnonnounUS /ˌæɡəˈmemnɑːn/

(Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

armornounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

charioteers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

chariotsnounUS /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

dashedadjectiveUS /dæʃt/

having gaps or spaces

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

foot-soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

foremostadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmoʊst/

ranking above all others

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

heroicallyadverbUS /ˌhɪˈroʊɪkli/

in a heroic manner

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

MorningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

reaper's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

scatterverbUS /ˈskætər/

to cause to separate and go in different directions

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

scythenounUS /sɪθ/

an edge tool for cutting grass; has a long handle that must be held with both hands and a curved blade that moves parallel to the ground

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

shoutingnounUS /ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/

encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

terrorizeverbUS /ˈterəraɪz/

coerce by violence or with threats

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading For some hours each side held its own, but toward noon the Achaians broke through the enemy’s lines and forced them back.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The great mass of foot-soldiers pressed forward in long lines shouting their battle cries, the war chariots containing the leaders following after them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As soon as the ranks were broken and bodies of men began to scatter in little groups over the plain, the charioteers had room for action and dashed forward to terrorize the foot-soldiers.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Morning had scarcely dawned when Agamemnon called all to arms, appearing in the foremost ranks clad in his most splendid armor and determined to fight more heroically this day than ever before.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading At last the two armies met and whole ranks of men fell like grain before the reaper’s scythe.

Chapter 8 of Achilles by Karl Friedrich Becker holds 133 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Achilles contain?

Chapter 8 holds 133 sentences of Achilles, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Achilles by Karl Friedrich Becker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 133 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Achilles?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Achilles

Common questions about reading Achilles by Karl Friedrich Becker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Achilles?

Yes. All 1983 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62453 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Achilles is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62453, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Achilles take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 397 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Achilles section by section

How to work through Achilles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Achilles to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Achilles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Achilles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abridged
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friedrich
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Achilles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.