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Across Iceland
Across Iceland

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Across Iceland is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.
When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.
Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.
The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.
Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Across Iceland

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Across Iceland is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.
Line 2
When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.
Line 3
Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.
Line 4
The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.
Line 5
Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.
/ˈmeni ʌv ðem ɑːr ˈveri diːp əˈkeɪʒənəli ˈriːtʃɪŋ ˈɔːlmoʊst tuː ðə niːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accumulations noun US /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “accumulation” — an increase by natural growth or addition

From this reading “When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.”

ascending adjective US /əˈsendɪŋ/

moving or going or growing upward

From this reading “When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.”

continuous adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading “The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.”

deepened verb US /ˈdiːpənd/

past form of “deepen” — make more intense, stronger, or more marked

From this reading “The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.”

delayed adjective US /dɪˈleɪd/

not as far along as normal in development

From this reading “THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.”

generations noun US /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.”

moraine noun US /mərˈeɪn/

accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier

From this reading “When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.”

traffic noun US /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading “The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two hours noun + noun

In this reading “THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.”

over the mountains preposition + article + noun counted as “over … mountain”

In this reading “THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.”

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.”

over the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “over … ground”

In this reading “THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.”

move on verb + particle

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

In this reading “When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.”

about two preposition + noun

In this reading “THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.”

good time adjective + noun

a highly pleasurable or exciting experience

In this reading “When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.”

some cases adjective + noun counted as “some case”

In this reading “The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

accumulationsnounUS /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “accumulation” — an increase by natural growth or addition

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

ascendingadjectiveUS /əˈsendɪŋ/

moving or going or growing upward

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

continuousadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

deepenedverbUS /ˈdiːpənd/

past form of “deepen” — make more intense, stronger, or more marked

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

delayedadjectiveUS /dɪˈleɪd/

not as far along as normal in development

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

hummocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

hummocky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

HVERAVELLIR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

INTERIORadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

localadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

morainenounUS /mərˈeɪn/

accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

RidingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Riding through this hummocky ground sometimes requires the exercise of considerable caution.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

tracksnounUS /træks/

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

trafficnounUS /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Many of them are very deep, occasionally reaching almost to the knees.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When we did move on we tried to make up in pace for the delay; we made good time in ascending steadily from the valley over great accumulations of moraine matter and by ancient tracks through hummocky land.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading THE INTERIOR--TO HVERAVELLIR We were delayed for about two hours while waiting for the farmer to conduct us over the mountains; it was necessary to take a local guide, for none of our own men had ever been over the ground.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading The continuous traffic of generations across the hummocks wore innumerable tracks, which have since been kept open by the weather, and deepened in some cases.

Chapter 5 of Across Iceland by W. (William) Bisiker holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Across Iceland contain?

Chapter 5 holds 83 sentences of Across Iceland, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Across Iceland by W. (William) Bisiker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Across Iceland?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Across Iceland

Common questions about reading Across Iceland by W. (William) Bisiker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Across Iceland?

Yes. All 2364 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46772 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Across Iceland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46772, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Across Iceland take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 473 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Across Iceland section by section

How to work through Across Iceland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of Across Iceland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Across Iceland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Across Iceland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Party
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Besides
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.