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Across the sub-Arctics of Canada
Across the sub-Arctics of Canada

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
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_INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.
The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.
My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.
In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.
Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Across the sub-Arctics of Canada

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.
Line 2
The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.
/ðə treɪl kəˈmenst wɪð ə ˈpɔːrtədʒ tuː maɪlz ɪn leŋkθ ˈliːdɪŋ θruː ˈθɪkəts swɑːmps ənd ˈoʊvər ˈrɑːki hɪlz bʌt baɪ ðɪs taɪm ðə men wɜːr əˈkʌstəmd tuː ðer wɜːrk ənd went əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn ə ˈstediər ənd mɔːr məˈθɑːdəkəl ˈmænər/
Line 3
My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.
Line 4
In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.
/ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː meɪk æn ˈiːziər treɪl ðæn ðə ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ sərˈkjuːɪtəs wʌn wɪtʃ led ˈoʊvər ʃɑːrp ˈæŋɡjələr stoʊnz ənd prɪˈsɪpɪtəs rɑːks wiː wɜːr əˈblaɪdʒd tuː kʌt ˈaʊər weɪ θruː ə ˈθɪkɪt fɔːr ə ˈdɪstəns ʌv hæf ə maɪl/
Line 5
Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

angular adjective US /ˈæŋɡjələr/

measured by an angle or by the rate of change of an angle

From this reading “In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.”

circuitous adjective US /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading “In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.”

geology noun US /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading “My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.”

methodical adjective US /məˈθɑːdəkəl/

characterized by method and orderliness

From this reading “The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.”

portage noun US /ˈpɔːrtədʒ/

the cost of carrying or transporting

From this reading “The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.”

precipitous adjective US /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

done with very great haste and without due deliberation

From this reading “In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.”

steadier adjective US /ˈstediər/

comparative of “steady” — not subject to change or variation especially in behavior

From this reading “The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.”

swamps noun US /swɑːmps/

plural of “swamp” — low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog

From this reading “The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

precipitous rocks adjective + noun counted as “precipitous rock”

In this reading “In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.”

rocky hills adjective + noun counted as “rocky hill”

In this reading “The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.”

through a thicket preposition + article + noun counted as “through … thicket”

In this reading “In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.”

through the forest preposition + article + noun counted as “through … forest”

In this reading “Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.”

two miles noun + noun counted as “two mile”

In this reading “The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.”

general direction adjective + noun

In this reading “My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.”

In order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

8th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

angularadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡjələr/

measured by an angle or by the rate of change of an angle

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

circuitousadjectiveUS /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

collectingnounUS /kəˈlektɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

floranounUS /ˈflɔːrə/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

geologynounUS /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

INTOprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

methodicaladjectiveUS /məˈθɑːdəkəl/

characterized by method and orderliness

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

pack-straps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

portagenounUS /ˈpɔːrtədʒ/

the cost of carrying or transporting

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

portaging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having done this, the work of portaging through the forest was begun.

precipitousadjectiveUS /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

done with very great haste and without due deliberation

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

SaturdaynounUS /ˈsætərdi/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

steadieradjectiveUS /ˈstediər/

comparative of “steady” — not subject to change or variation especially in behavior

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

swampsnounUS /swɑːmps/

plural of “swamp” — low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

thicketnounUS /ˈθɪkɪt/

a dense growth of bushes

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

thicketsnounUS /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

topographicaladjective

concerned with topography

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

UNKNOWNadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

untravelledadjective

not traveled over or through

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading My brother’s time was chiefly devoted to the general direction of the party, and an examination of the geology of the country.[2] My own time was largely taken up in making the survey and topographical notes of the route, and in collecting the flora of the country; but when our duties permitted and occasion required we both took a turn at the pack-straps, as we did on this portage.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In order to make an easier trail than the existing circuitous one, which led over sharp angular stones and precipitous rocks, we were obliged to cut our way through a thicket for a distance of half a mile.

WILDERNESSnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading _INTO THE UNKNOWN WILDERNESS._ On Saturday morning, the 8th of July, without guide or map, we commenced our journey into the great untravelled wilderness.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The trail commenced with a portage two miles in length, leading through thickets, swamps, and over rocky hills, but by this time the men were accustomed to their work, and went about it in a steadier and more methodical manner.

Chapter 5 of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada by J. W. (James Williams) Tyrrell holds 91 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada contain?

Chapter 5 holds 91 sentences of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada by J. W. (James Williams) Tyrrell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 91 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #75178, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 173 minutes of reading across 417 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Across the sub-Arctics of Canada

Words and structures a reader meets early in Across the sub-Arctics of Canada, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tyrrell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Response
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Telegram
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across the sub-Arctics of Canada; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.