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Across Unknown South America
Across Unknown South America

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Across Unknown South America is here in full — 464 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
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Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.
The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.
It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.
A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.
It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Across Unknown South America

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Across Unknown South America is here in full — 464 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.
Line 2
The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.
Line 3
It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.
Line 4
A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.
Line 5
It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diameter noun US /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading “It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.”

diminish verb US /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading “It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.”

groves noun US /ɡroʊvz/

United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

From this reading “It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.”

horizontal adjective US /ˌhɔːrəˈzɑːntəl/

parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line

From this reading “It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.”

inspect verb US /ˌɪnˈspekt/

look over carefully

From this reading “Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.”

oblique adjective US /əˈbliːk/

slanting or inclined in direction or course or position--neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled

From this reading “It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.”

plantations noun US /ˌplænˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “plantation” — an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading “Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.”

varies verb US /ˈveriz/

third-person singular of “vary” — become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

From this reading “A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1,780

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

Antonio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

CoffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

Conselheiro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

diameternounUS /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

diminishverbUS /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

Dumont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

elevationnounUS /ˌeləˈveɪʃən/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

foliagenounUS /ˈfoʊlɪdʒ/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

ftnoun

a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

full-grownadjective

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

grovesnounUS /ɡroʊvz/

United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

healthyadjectiveUS /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

horizontaladjectiveUS /ˌhɔːrəˈzɑːntəl/

parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

inspectverbUS /ˌɪnˈspekt/

look over carefully

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

Martinho

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

obliqueadjectiveUS /əˈbliːk/

slanting or inclined in direction or course or position--neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

parallelnounUS /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

Paulista

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

plantationsnounUS /ˌplænˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “plantation” — an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

polishedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/

perfected or made shiny and smooth

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

possessesverbUS /pəˈzesəz/

third-person singular of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

Prado

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

RailwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

realizeverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

shootverbUS /ʃuːt/

hit with a missile from a weapon

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

slenderadjectiveUS /ˈslendər/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

stemnounUS /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The estate is situated at an elevation above the sea level of 1,780 ft., upon fertile red soil.

variesverbUS /ˈveriz/

third-person singular of “vary” — become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading A full-grown coffee tree, as everybody knows, varies in height from 6 ft. to 14 or 15 ft. according to the variety, the climate, and quality of the soil.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Coffee--The Dumont Railway MY object in travelling by the Paulista Railway was to inspect the line on my way to the immense coffee plantations at Martinho Prado, owned by Conselheiro Antonio Prado.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It possesses a slender stem, straight and polished, seldom larger than 3 to 5 in. in diameter, from which shoot out horizontal or slightly oblique branches--the larger quite close to the soil--which gradually diminish in length to its summit.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It is difficult, without seeing them, to realize the extent and beauty of those coffee groves--miles and miles of parallel lines of trees of a healthy, dark green, shining foliage.

Chapter 2 of Across Unknown South America by Arnold Henry Savage Landor holds 464 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Across Unknown South America contain?

Chapter 2 holds 464 sentences of Across Unknown South America, unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Across Unknown South America by Arnold Henry Savage Landor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 464 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Across Unknown South America?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Across Unknown South America

Common questions about reading Across Unknown South America by Arnold Henry Savage Landor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Across Unknown South America?

Yes. All 11481 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22483 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Across Unknown South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22483, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Across Unknown South America take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2297 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Across Unknown South America section by section

How to work through Across Unknown South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Across Unknown South America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Across Unknown South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in Across Unknown South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Swampy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley--impressive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scenery--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Church
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.