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Across Unknown South America
Across Unknown South America

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Across Unknown South America is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.
Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.
Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.
Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.
A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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Across Unknown South America

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Across Unknown South America is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.
Line 2
Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.
/drɔːn baɪ ten ˈtwenti ənd ˈiːvɪn æz ˈmeni æz ˈθɜːrdiː ˈɑːksən ðiːz ˈhevi ˈhʊdɪd ˈviːhɪkəlz ˈtrævəld əˈkrɔːs ˈkʌntri ɪn ə moʊst ˈwʌndərfəl ˈmænər/
Line 3
Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.
/ˈnætʃərəli ðeɪ hæd tuː biː ʌv ˈsɑːləd kənˈstrʌkʃən tuː stænd ðə wer ənd ter dɪˈmændəd ʌv ðem/
Line 4
Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.
/ðer wiːlz wɜːr ˈhevi ˈsɑːləd dɪsks ʌv hɑːrd wʊd ɪnˈsɜːrkəld baɪ ˈpaʊərfəl ˈtaɪərz ʌv ˈaɪərn/
Line 5
A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

discs noun US /dɪsks/

plural of “disc” — sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove

From this reading “Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.”

encircled adjective US /ɪnˈsɜːrkəld/

confined on all sides

From this reading “Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.”

ferried verb US /ˈferid/

inflected form of “ferry” — transport from one place to another

From this reading “Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.”

hooded verb US /ˈhʊdɪd/

past form of “hood” — cover with a hood

From this reading “Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.”

retarded adjective US /rɪˈtɑːrdɪd/

relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development

From this reading “A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.”

Thermal adjective US /ˈθɜːrməl/

relating to or associated with heat

From this reading “Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.”

tyres noun US /ˈtaɪərz/

plural of “tyre” — a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading “Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.”

vehicles noun US /ˈviːhɪkəlz/

plural of “vehicle” — a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading “Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

barnounUS /bɑːr/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

brakenounUS /breɪk/

a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

cartsnounUS /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

CountrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

declivities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

discsnounUS /dɪsks/

plural of “disc” — sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

DrawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

encircledadjectiveUS /ɪnˈsɜːrkəld/

confined on all sides

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

extra-steep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

ferriedverbUS /ˈferid/

inflected form of “ferry” — transport from one place to another

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

GeniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

hoodedverbUS /ˈhʊdɪd/

past form of “hood” — cover with a hood

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

MusicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

NaturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

retardedadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɑːrdɪd/

relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

ropesnounUS /roʊps/

plural of “rope” — a strong line

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

SpringsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

ThermaladjectiveUS /ˈθɜːrməl/

relating to or associated with heat

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

travelledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

TravellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

two-wheeledadjective

of or relating to vehicles with two wheels

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

tyresnounUS /ˈtaɪərz/

plural of “tyre” — a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

ValuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

vehiclenounUS /ˈviːhɪkəl/

a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading A primitive system of brake--a mere bar of wood held in position by ropes--retarded the speed of the vehicle down extra-steep declivities.

vehiclesnounUS /ˈviːhɪkəlz/

plural of “vehicle” — a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading Naturally they had to be of solid construction to stand the wear and tear demanded of them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Drawn by ten, twenty, and even as many as thirty oxen, these heavy hooded vehicles travelled across country in a most wonderful manner.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Their wheels were heavy solid discs of hard wood encircled by powerful tyres of iron.

WoodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Travelling across Country--A Musical Genius--Valuable Woods--Thermal Springs AT the river were several picturesque two-wheeled carts waiting to be ferried across.

Chapter 3 of Across Unknown South America by Arnold Henry Savage Landor holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Across Unknown South America contain?

Chapter 3 holds 412 sentences of Across Unknown South America, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Across Unknown South America by Arnold Henry Savage Landor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Across Unknown South America?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Across Unknown South America

Common questions about reading Across Unknown South America by Arnold Henry Savage Landor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Across Unknown South America?

Yes. All 11481 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22483 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Across Unknown South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22483, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Across Unknown South America take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2297 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Across Unknown South America section by section

How to work through Across Unknown South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Across Unknown South America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Across Unknown South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in Across Unknown South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Swampy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley--impressive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scenery--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Church
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Across Unknown South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.