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Action Front
Action Front

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Action Front is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Action Front
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The captain ascended to his place again.
A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.
The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.
He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."
Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Action Front

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Action Front is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The captain ascended to his place again.
/ðə ˈkæptən əˈsendɪd tuː hɪz pleɪs əˈɡen/
Line 2
A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.
/ə ˈdʒɜːrmən ʃel ˈsɔːrɪŋ ˈoʊvər bɜːrst wɪð ə laʊd krʌmp bɪˈhaɪnd ðə trentʃ/
Line 3
The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.
Line 4
He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."
Line 5
Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crump verb US /krʌmp/

make a noise typical of an engine lacking lubricants

derisively adverb US /dərˈɪsɪvli/

in a disrespectful and mocking manner

From this reading “The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.”

imitating verb US /ˈɪməteɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading “He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."”

jerk verb US /dʒɜːrk/

pull, or move with a sudden movement

From this reading “He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."”

shuffling noun US /ˈʃʌflɪŋ/

walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet

From this reading “Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.”

soaring adjective US /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

From this reading “A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.”

straightened verb US /ˈstreɪtənd/

past form of “straighten” — straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading “He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."”

trench noun US /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

aow-Wump

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

ascendedverbUS /əˈsendɪd/

past form of “ascend” — travel up

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

crumpverbUS /krʌmp/

make a noise typical of an engine lacking lubricants

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

curvenounUS /kɜːrv/

the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

derisivelyadverbUS /dərˈɪsɪvli/

in a disrespectful and mocking manner

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

gaylyadverb

in a joyous manner

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

imitatingverbUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

jerkverbUS /dʒɜːrk/

pull, or move with a sudden movement

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

leanedverbUS /liːnd/

past form of “lean” — to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

loudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

shufflingnounUS /ˈʃʌflɪŋ/

walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet

From this reading Another shell fell, and "_aow-Wump_," he cried again, shuffling his feet and laughing gayly.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

signalernoun

someone who communicates by signals

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

soaringadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

straightenedverbUS /ˈstreɪtənd/

past form of “straighten” — straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The captain ascended to his place again.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

trenchnounUS /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He leaned his head and body far to one side, straightened slowly, bent his head on a curve to the other side, and brought it up with a jerk, imitating, as he did so, the sound of the falling and bursting shell, "_sss-eee-aaa-ahah-aow-Wump_."

wavedverbUS /weɪvd/

past form of “wave” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading The French signaler laughed and waved derisively towards the shell.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A German shell, soaring over, burst with a loud _crump_ behind the trench.

Chapter 4 of Action Front by Boyd Cable holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Action Front contain?

Chapter 4 holds 413 sentences of Action Front, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Action Front by Boyd Cable exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Action Front?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Action Front

Common questions about reading Action Front by Boyd Cable on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Action Front?

Yes. All 2858 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11349 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Action Front is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11349, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Action Front take to read?

About 238 minutes of reading across 572 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Action Front section by section

How to work through Action Front section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Action Front to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Action Front

Words and structures a reader meets early in Action Front, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Action Front; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recognition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Action Front; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appreciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Action Front; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Instant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Action Front; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.