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Actions and reactions
Actions and reactions

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Actions and reactions is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Actions and reactions
Context Illustration Reading 19/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”
The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.
A house!” said Sophie, in a whisper.
A Colonial house!”
Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Actions and reactions

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Actions and reactions is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 19/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 91–95

Line 1
Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”
/lʊks æz ɪf ɪt hæd hæd ˈnɜːrvəs prɑːˈstreɪʃən tuː/
Line 2
The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.
Line 3
A house!” said Sophie, in a whisper.
Line 4
A Colonial house!”
/ə kəˈloʊniəl haʊs/
Line 5
Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Colonial adjective US /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading ““A Colonial house!””

footpath noun US /ˈfʊtpæθ/

a trodden path

From this reading “The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.”

Georgian noun US /ˈdʒɔːrdʒən/

a native or resident of the American state of Georgia

From this reading “Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.”

gigantic adjective US /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading “The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.”

pillared adjective US /ˈpɪlərd/

having pillars

From this reading “Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.”

prostration noun US /prɑːˈstreɪʃən/

an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion

From this reading ““Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.””

thicket noun US /ˈθɪkɪt/

a dense growth of bushes

From this reading “The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.”

twin noun US /twɪn/

either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy

From this reading “Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

blue-greenadjective

of a bluish shade of green

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

bricknounUS /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

ColonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading “A Colonial house!”

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

dark-bluish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

fan-light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

footpathnounUS /ˈfʊtpæθ/

a trodden path

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

GeorgiannounUS /ˈdʒɔːrdʒən/

a native or resident of the American state of Georgia

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

holm-oaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading “A house!” said Sophie, in a whisper.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

LooksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

nervousadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrvəs/

easily agitated

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

pilenounUS /paɪl/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

pillaredadjectiveUS /ˈpɪlərd/

having pillars

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

prostrationnounUS /prɑːˈstreɪʃən/

an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

rhododendrons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “A house!” said Sophie, in a whisper.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

shell-shaped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

Sophie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “A house!” said Sophie, in a whisper.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

thicketnounUS /ˈθɪkɪt/

a dense growth of bushes

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading “Looks as if it had had nervous prostration, too.”

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

twinnounUS /twɪn/

either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The footpath turned the shoulder of a slope, through a thicket of rank rhododendrons, and crossed what had once been a carriage drive, which ended in the shadow of two gigantic holm-oaks.

whispernounUS /ˈwɪspər/

speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords

From this reading “A house!” said Sophie, in a whisper.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Behind the blue-green of the twin trees rose a dark-bluish brick Georgian pile, with a shell-shaped fan-light over its pillared door.

Chapter 1 of Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling holds 213 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Actions and reactions contain?

Chapter 1 holds 213 sentences of Actions and reactions, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 213 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Actions and reactions?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Actions and reactions

Common questions about reading Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Actions and reactions?

Yes. All 4931 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2381 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Actions and reactions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2381, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Actions and reactions take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 987 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Actions and reactions section by section

How to work through Actions and reactions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Actions and reactions to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Actions and reactions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Actions and reactions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cause
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wrest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Folly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.