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Actions and reactions
Actions and reactions

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Actions and reactions is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Actions and reactions
Context Illustration Reading 9/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We can't accept those ideals.”
Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.
In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.
In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.
Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Actions and reactions

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Actions and reactions is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 9/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 41–45

Line 1
We can't accept those ideals.”
Line 2
Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.
Line 3
In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.
/ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ðeɪ mɪst ðə ˈeɪliən tʌŋz ʌv ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl striːts ðæt riˈmaɪndɪd ðem ʌv ðer oʊn pɑːliːɡlɑːt ˈsɪtiz/
Line 4
In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.
Line 5
Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alien adjective US /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading “In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.”

cities noun US /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.”

Continental adjective US /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading “In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.”

ideal adjective US /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading ““Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.”

ideals noun US /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading “We can't accept those ideals.””

polyglot noun US /pɑːliːɡlɑːt/

a person who speaks more than one language

From this reading “In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.”

tongues noun US /tʌŋz/

plural of “tongue” — a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading “In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.”

unintelligible adjective US /ˌʌnɪnˈtelədʒəbəl/

poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise

From this reading “In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading We can't accept those ideals.”

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

alienadjectiveUS /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We can't accept those ideals.”

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

ContinentaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

cross-examinationnoun

(law) close questioning of a hostile witness in a court of law to discredit or throw a new light on the testimony already provided in direct examination

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

forty-thirdadjective

the ordinal number of forty-three in counting order

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

hotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading We can't accept those ideals.”

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

iron-greynoun

the color of freshly broken cast iron

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

missedadjectiveUS /mɪst/

not caught with the senses or the mind

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

polyglotnounUS /pɑːliːɡlɑːt/

a person who speaks more than one language

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

remindedverbUS /riˈmaɪndɪd/

past form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

speciouslyadverb

in a specious manner

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading We can't accept those ideals.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

tonguesnounUS /tʌŋz/

plural of “tongue” — a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading In England they missed the alien tongues of Continental streets that reminded them of their own polyglot cities.

unintelligibleadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪnˈtelədʒəbəl/

poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise

From this reading In England all men spoke one tongue, speciously like American to the ear, but on cross-examination unintelligible.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We can't accept those ideals.”

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “Ah, but you have not seen England,” said a lady with iron-grey hair.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Well, I suppose I married you for some sort of ideal,” she answered, and they returned to their forty-third hotel.

Chapter 1 of Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling holds 213 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Actions and reactions contain?

Chapter 1 holds 213 sentences of Actions and reactions, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 213 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Actions and reactions?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Actions and reactions

Common questions about reading Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Actions and reactions?

Yes. All 4931 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2381 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Actions and reactions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2381, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Actions and reactions take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 987 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Actions and reactions section by section

How to work through Actions and reactions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Actions and reactions to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Actions and reactions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Actions and reactions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cause
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wrest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Folly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.