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Actions and reactions
Actions and reactions

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Actions and reactions is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Actions and reactions
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It's not our land.
We've only paid for it.
We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.
I've been to lunch with the English too.”
They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Actions and reactions

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Actions and reactions is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It's not our land.
Line 2
We've only paid for it.
Line 3
We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.
Line 4
I've been to lunch with the English too.”
Line 5
They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alterations noun US /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

argue verb US /ˈɑːrɡjuː/

present reasons and arguments

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

halting adjective US /ˈhɔːltɪŋ/

disabled in the feet or legs

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

ownership noun US /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/

the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

plotting verb US /ˈplɑːtɪŋ/

inflected form of “plot” — plan secretly, usually something illegal

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

restorations noun US /ˌrestərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “restoration” — the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

spreading noun US /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

tracks noun US /træks/

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading “They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alterationsnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

argueverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuː/

present reasons and arguments

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I've been to lunch with the English too.”

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

bracken-dotted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

closingnounUS /ˈkloʊzɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

emnounUS /em/

a quad with a square body

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

embraceverbUS /emˈbreɪs/

include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading I've been to lunch with the English too.”

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

flushedadjectiveUS /flʌʃt/

having the pinkish flush of health

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We've only paid for it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

haltingadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːltɪŋ/

disabled in the feet or legs

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

I've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I've been to lunch with the English too.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We've only paid for it.

It's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “It's not our land.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading “It's not our land.

lunchverbUS /lʌntʃ/

take the midday meal

From this reading I've been to lunch with the English too.”

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “It's not our land.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We've only paid for it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading “It's not our land.

ownershipnounUS /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/

the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading We've only paid for it.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

plottingverbUS /ˈplɑːtɪŋ/

inflected form of “plot” — plan secretly, usually something illegal

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

restorationsnounUS /ˌrestərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “restoration” — the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading I've been to lunch with the English too.”

tracksnounUS /træks/

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

viewsnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading They passed slowly from one bracken-dotted field to the next--flushed with pride of ownership, plotting alterations and restorations at each turn; halting in their tracks to argue, spreading apart to embrace two views at once, or closing in to consider one.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We belong to it, and it belongs to the people--our people they call 'em.

We've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We've only paid for it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I've been to lunch with the English too.”

Chapter 4 of Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling holds 214 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Actions and reactions contain?

Chapter 4 holds 214 sentences of Actions and reactions, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 214 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Actions and reactions?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Actions and reactions

Common questions about reading Actions and reactions by Rudyard Kipling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Actions and reactions?

Yes. All 4931 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2381 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Actions and reactions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2381, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Actions and reactions take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 987 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Actions and reactions section by section

How to work through Actions and reactions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Actions and reactions to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Actions and reactions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Actions and reactions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cause
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wrest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Folly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Actions and reactions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.