Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Adam Bede
Adam Bede

Chapter XI · Links

Cover illustration for Adam Bede
Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.
The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.
One can say everything best over a meal.
The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.
We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Adam Bede

Chapter XI · Links

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.
Line 2
The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.
Line 3
One can say everything best over a meal.
Line 4
The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.
Line 5
We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.”

Alone noun US /alone/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.”

Different noun US /ˈdifferent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.”

Everything pronoun US /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading “One can say everything best over a meal.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “One can say everything best over a meal.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.”

Remember verb US /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading “Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

alonenounUS /alone/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

Arthur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

awake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

best

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One can say everything best over a meal.

breakfast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

breakfast-hour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

breakfasts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading One can say everything best over a meal.

ceremonies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

cheerful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

civilization

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

coffee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

confessor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

determines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

differentnounUS /ˈdifferent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

dinner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

disagreeable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

Donnithorne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

dressing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

early

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

easy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

egg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

engagement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

errors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading One can say everything best over a meal.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

father

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

Friday

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

gloomy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

go

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

half-past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

instead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

Irwine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

knows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

ladies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

less

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

listens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

meal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One can say everything best over a meal.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

Mr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

nine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One can say everything best over a meal.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

progress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

rector

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

ride

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One can say everything best over a meal.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

substitute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

troublesome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or a dinner an easy and cheerful substitute for more troublesome and disagreeable ceremonies.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

view

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We take a less gloomy view of our errors now our father confessor listens to us over his egg and coffee.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The rector, he knows, breakfasts alone at half-past nine, the ladies of the family having a different breakfast-hour; Arthur will have an early ride over the hill and breakfast with him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Arthur Donnithorne, you remember, is under an engagement with himself to go and see Mr. Irwine this Friday morning, and he is awake and dressing so early that he determines to go before breakfast, instead of after.