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Adaptation
Adaptation

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Adaptation is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Adaptation
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Don't you see?
Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.
Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.
It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.
If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Adaptation

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Adaptation is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Don't you see?
Line 2
Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.
/ˈjuːzɪŋ jɔːr oʊn ˈθɪri juː hæv bɪn set bæk baɪ ˈsʌmwʌn mɔːr ɪˈfɪʃəntli kəmˈpetətɪv/
Line 3
Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.
Line 4
It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.
Line 5
If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coincidence noun US /koʊˈɪnsɪdəns/

an event that might have been arranged although it was really accidental

From this reading “It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.”

competitive adjective US /kəmˈpetətɪv/

involving competition or competitiveness

From this reading “Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.”

efficiently adverb US /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

with efficiency; in an efficient manner

From this reading “Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.”

Genoese noun US /ˈdʒenoʊs/

a native or resident of Genoa

From this reading “It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.”

instructions noun US /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading “Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.”

operator's noun US /ˈɑːpəreɪtərz/

possessive form of “operator” — (mathematics) a symbol or function representing a mathematical operation

From this reading “It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.”

rubber noun US /ˈrʌbər/

an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products

From this reading “It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.”

Using noun US /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading “Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

coincidencenounUS /koʊˈɪnsɪdəns/

an event that might have been arranged although it was really accidental

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

competitiveadjectiveUS /kəmˈpetətɪv/

involving competition or competitiveness

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

Don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Don't you see?

efficientlyadverbUS /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

with efficiency; in an efficient manner

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

Fred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

GenoesenounUS /ˈdʒenoʊs/

a native or resident of Genoa

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

hadn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

instructionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

It's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

operator'snounUS /ˈɑːpəreɪtərz/

possessive form of “operator” — (mathematics) a symbol or function representing a mathematical operation

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

rubbernounUS /ˈrʌbər/

an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "Don't you see?

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

someonepronounUS /ˈsʌmwʌn/

a person, without saying who

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

UsingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It's just coincidence that the rubber they took over was your property rather than some Genoese operator's.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If you were open to a loss there, then if they hadn't taken over someone else could have.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fred and Peter saw an opening and, in keeping with your instructions, moved in.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Don't you see?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Using your own theory, you have been set back by someone more efficiently competitive.

Chapter 4 of Adaptation by Mack Reynolds holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Adaptation contain?

Chapter 4 holds 436 sentences of Adaptation, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Adaptation by Mack Reynolds exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Adaptation?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Adaptation

Common questions about reading Adaptation by Mack Reynolds on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Adaptation?

Yes. All 2146 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24749 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Adaptation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24749, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Adaptation take to read?

About 178 minutes of reading across 430 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Adaptation section by section

How to work through Adaptation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Adaptation to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Adaptation

Words and structures a reader meets early in Adaptation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adaptation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knowledge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adaptation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Becomes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adaptation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Extremely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adaptation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.