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Adventures Among the Red Indians
Adventures Among the Red Indians

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Adventures Among the Red Indians is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.
They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.
But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.
Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.
A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Adventures Among the Red Indians

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Adventures Among the Red Indians is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.
Line 2
They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.
/ðeɪ wɜːr wʌn ʌv ðə ˈstrɔːŋɡəst ʌv ðə ˈɪndiən ˈpiːpəlz əˈnjuːʒuːəli tɔːl ənd æθˈletɪk ənd soʊ lɔːŋ æz ðeɪ hæd rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈliːdərz wel ˈeɪbəl tuː hoʊld ðer oʊn əˈɡenst ðə ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz/
Line 3
But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.
Line 4
Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.
Line 5
A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Argentina noun US /ˌɑːrdʒənˈtiːnə/

a republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America

From this reading “A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.”

argentine noun US /ˈɑːrdʒəntiːn/

any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes

From this reading “A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.”

infrequently adverb US /ˌɪnˈfriːkwəntli/

not many times

From this reading “Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.”

Marinos noun US /mərˈiːnoʊz/

plural of “marino” — Italian poet (1569-1625)

negligible adjective US /ˈneɡlədʒəbəl/

so small as to be meaningless; insignificant

From this reading “But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.”

Paraguay noun US /ˈperəɡweɪ/

a landlocked republic in south central South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1811

From this reading “A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.”

raids noun US /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading “Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.”

unprovoked adjective US /ˌʌnprəˈvoʊkt/

occurring without motivation or provocation

From this reading “Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nineteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.”

carrying off verb + particle counted as “carry off”

be successful; achieve a goal

In this reading “Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.”

raids upon verb + particle counted as “raid upon”

In this reading “Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.”

great chief adjective + noun

In this reading “But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.”

great part adjective + noun

In this reading “A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.”

in possession preposition + noun

In this reading “A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1819

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

1820

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

Abipons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

AdmiralnounUS /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

AMONGprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

Andresito

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

ArgentinanounUS /ˌɑːrdʒənˈtiːnə/

a republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

ARGENTINEnounUS /ˈɑːrdʒəntiːn/

any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

Artegas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

athleticadjectiveUS /æθˈletɪk/

relating to or befitting athletics or athletes

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

attacksnounUS /əˈtæks/

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

beatingnounUS /ˈbiːtɪŋ/

the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

BrazilnounUS /brəˈzɪl/

the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

CampbellnounUS /ˈkæmbəl/

United States mythologist (1904-1987)

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

CAPTIVEnounUS /ˈkæptɪv/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

colonistsnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

Commandante

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

crushingadjectiveUS /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/

physically or spiritually devastating; often used in combination

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

dissensions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

EuropeansnounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːənz/

plural of “european” — a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

farmsteads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

FleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

Guaranian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

INDIANSnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

infrequentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈfriːkwəntli/

not many times

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

intermarriages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

MarinosnounUS /mərˈiːnoʊz/

plural of “marino” — Italian poet (1569-1625)

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

negligibleadjectiveUS /ˈneɡlədʒəbəl/

so small as to be meaningless; insignificant

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

onwardsadverbUS /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

ParaguaynounUS /ˈperəɡweɪ/

a landlocked republic in south central South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1811

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

Pedro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

peoplesnounUS /ˈpiːpəlz/

the human beings of a particular nation or community or ethnic group

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

perpetuallyadverbUS /pərˈpetʃuːəli/

everlastingly; for all time

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

PortuguesenounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz/

the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading But owing to internal dissensions, intermarriages with Europeans, and more especially to the crushing defeat by the colonists, in 1820, of their great chief Andresito Artegas, they had become, by the middle of the century, a negligible quantity.

raidsnounUS /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

reliableadjectiveUS /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

strongestadjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

sub-tribes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

typicaladjectiveUS /ˈtɪpəkəl/

exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

unprovokedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnprəˈvoʊkt/

occurring without motivation or provocation

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

unusuallyadverbUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading They were one of the strongest of the Indian peoples, unusually tall and athletic, and, so long as they had reliable leaders, well able to hold their own against the Portuguese.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A typical instance of this sort of thing came under the notice of Mr. Peter Campbell, better known as Don Pedro, _Commandante de Marinos_, or Admiral of the Fleet, who from 1819 onwards was in the employ of the Argentine Government.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Much of their trouble with the Portuguese was of their own seeking; for, not content with beating off their attacks, they were perpetually making unprovoked raids upon peaceful farmsteads, carrying off not only cattle, but European boys and girls, of whom they not infrequently made slaves.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A CAPTIVE AMONG ARGENTINE INDIANS Till the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Guaranian Indians (with the Abipons and other sub-tribes) were in possession of a great part of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Eastern Argentina.

Chapter 4 of Adventures Among the Red Indians by Sidney Harry Wright holds 226 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Adventures Among the Red Indians contain?

Chapter 4 holds 226 sentences of Adventures Among the Red Indians, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Adventures Among the Red Indians by Sidney Harry Wright exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 226 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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About 282 minutes of reading across 678 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Adventures Among the Red Indians

Words and structures a reader meets early in Adventures Among the Red Indians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Romantic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adventures Among the Red Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Incidents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adventures Among the Red Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perils
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adventures Among the Red Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amongst
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Adventures Among the Red Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.