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Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France
Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.
At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.
He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.
He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.
The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.
Line 2
At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.
/æt ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðɪs ˈtʃæptər ðə ˈriːdər tɜːrnz ə nuː liːf ɔːr ˈoʊpənz ə nuː bʊk/
Line 3
He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.
/hiː lɜːrnz hiːr ðə ˈkɑːzəz ðæt bɪˈɡæt ðɪs bʊk ənd aɪ hoʊp wɪl faɪnd freʃ ɪkˈsaɪtmənt ɪˈnʌf dʒʌst æt ðə raɪt taɪm tuː enˈkɜːrɪdʒ hɪm tuː ɡoʊ θruː ɪt wɪð miː/
Line 4
He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.
Line 5
The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

begat verb US /bɪˈɡæt/

inflected form of “beget” — make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading “He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.”

Chief's noun US /tʃiːfs/

possessive form of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading “Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.”

learns verb US /lɜːrnz/

third-person singular of “learn” — gain knowledge or skills

From this reading “He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.”

liquors noun US /ˈlɪkərz/

plural of “liquor” — an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading “Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.”

pivot verb US /ˈpɪvət/

turn on a pivot

From this reading “He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.”

procuring verb US /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading “Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.”

Rankin noun US /ˈræŋkɪn/

leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973)

From this reading “Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.”

wigwam noun US /ˈwɪɡwɑːm/

a Native American lodge frequently having an oval shape and covered with bark or hides

From this reading “Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

safely landed adverb + adjective

In this reading “He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.”

native shores adjective + noun counted as “native shore”

In this reading “He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.”

old friends adjective + noun counted as “old friend”

In this reading “He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.”

new leaf adjective + noun

In this reading “At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.”

new book adjective + noun

In this reading “At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.”

go through verb + particle

undergo or live through a difficult experience

In this reading “He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.”

At the beginning preposition + article + noun counted as “at … beginning”

In this reading “At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.”

old Chief's adjective + noun counted as “old chief”

In this reading “Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

ArrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

Author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

back-woods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

begatverbUS /bɪˈɡæt/

inflected form of “beget” — make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

Cadotte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

Chief'snounUS /tʃiːfs/

possessive form of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

CollectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

CouncilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

CrowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

DescriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

DifficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

encourageverbUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

hotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

interpreternounUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətər/

someone who mediates between speakers of different languages

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

learnsverbUS /lɜːrnz/

third-person singular of “learn” — gain knowledge or skills

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

liquorsnounUS /ˈlɪkərz/

plural of “liquor” — an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

lodgingsnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪŋz/

temporary living quarters

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

NamesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

Ojibbeways

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

opensnounUS /ˈoʊpənz/

plural of “open” — a clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

paysnounUS /peɪz/

plural of “pay” — something that remunerates

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

pivotverbUS /ˈpɪvət/

turn on a pivot

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

procuringverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

RankinnounUS /ˈræŋkɪn/

leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973)

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

recognisedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

safelyadverbUS /ˈseɪfli/

with safety; in a safe manner

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

spirituousadjective

containing or of the nature of alcohol

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading At the beginning of this chapter the reader turns a new leaf, or, opens a new book.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He finds me turning here upon a pivot--my character changed and my occupation; travelling over old ground, and looking up old friends, of whom I had taken final leave, and who had thought me, ere this, safely landed on my own native shores.

wigwamnounUS /ˈwɪɡwɑːm/

a Native American lodge frequently having an oval shape and covered with bark or hides

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The Ojibbeways were here; a party of nine wild Indians, from the back-woods of America.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading He learns here the causes that begat this book, and I hope will find fresh excitement enough, just at the right time, to encourage him to go through it with me.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Difficulty of procuring lodgings for the Indians--The Author pays them a visit--Is recognised by them--Arrangement with Mr. Rankin--Crowds around their hotel--First visit of the Ojibbeways to the Author's Collection--Their surprise--Council held under the wigwam--Indians agree to drink no spirituous liquors--The old Chief's speech to the Author--Names of the Indians--Their portraits--Description of each--Cadotte, the interpreter.

Chapter 12 of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France by George Catlin holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France contain?

Chapter 12 holds 92 sentences of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France by George Catlin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France by George Catlin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4128 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 826 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France section by section

How to work through Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Adventures of the Ojibbeway and Ioway Indians in England, France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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