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The Viper and the File
The Viper and the File

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Viper and the File is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.
The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.
Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.
The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.
The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Viper and the File

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Viper and the File is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.
/ðə ˈseɪfɡɑːrdz ʌv ˈvɝː.tʃuː ɑːr ˈheɪtfəl tuː ðoʊz wɪð ˈiːvəl ˌɪnˈtentʃənz/
Line 2
The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.
/ðə ˈdænsɪŋ ˈmʌŋkiz ə prɪns hæd sʌm ˈmʌŋkiz treɪnd tuː dæns/
Line 3
Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.
/ˈbiːɪŋ ˈnætʃərəli ɡreɪt ˈmɪmɪks ʌv menz ˈækʃənz ðeɪ ʃoʊd ðemˈselvz moʊst æpt ˈpjuːpəlz ənd wen ərˈeɪd ɪn ðer rɪtʃ kloʊðz ənd mæsks ðeɪ dænst æz wel æz ˈeni ʌv ðə ˈkɔːrtiərz/
Line 4
The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.
/ðə ˈspektəkəl wɑːz ˈɔːfən rɪˈpiːtɪd wɪð ɡreɪt əˈplɔːz tɪl ɑːn wʌn əˈkeɪʒən ə ˈkɔːrtiər bent ɑːn ˈmɪstʃəf tʊk frʌm hɪz ˈpɑːkət ə ˈhændfʊl ʌv nʌts ənd θruː ðem əˈpɑːn ðə steɪdʒ/
Line 5
The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.
/ðə ˈmʌŋkiz æt ðə saɪt ʌv ðə nʌts fərˈɡɑːt ðer ˈdænsɪŋ ənd bɪˈkeɪm æz ˌɪnˈdiːd ðeɪ wɜːr ˈmʌŋkiz ˌɪnˈsted ʌv ˈæktərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arrayed adjective US /ərˈeɪd/

in ceremonial attire and paraphernalia

From this reading “Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.”

courtier noun US /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading “The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.”

courtiers noun US /ˈkɔːrtiərz/

plural of “courtier” — an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading “Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.”

masks noun US /mæsks/

plural of “mask” — a covering to disguise or conceal the face

From this reading “Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.”

mimics noun US /ˈmɪmɪks/

plural of “mimic” — someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading “Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.”

Monkeys noun US /ˈmʌŋkiz/

plural of “monkey” — any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)

From this reading “The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.”

nuts adjective US /nʌts/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading “The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.”

safeguards noun US /ˈseɪfɡɑːrdz/

plural of “safeguard” — a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading “The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

applausenounUS /əˈplɔːz/

a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

arrayedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪd/

in ceremonial attire and paraphernalia

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

Beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

courtiernounUS /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

courtiersnounUS /ˈkɔːrtiərz/

plural of “courtier” — an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

dancenounUS /dæns/

an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

dancedverbUS /dænst/

past form of “dance” — move in a graceful and rhythmical way

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

DancingnounUS /ˈdænsɪŋ/

taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

forgotverbUS /fərˈɡɑːt/

inflected form of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

handfulnounUS /ˈhændfʊl/

a small number or amount

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

hatefuladjectiveUS /ˈheɪtfəl/

evoking or deserving hatred

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

intentionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃənz/

plural of “intention” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

masksnounUS /mæsks/

plural of “mask” — a covering to disguise or conceal the face

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

mimicsnounUS /ˈmɪmɪks/

plural of “mimic” — someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

mischiefnounUS /ˈmɪstʃəf/

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

MonkeysnounUS /ˈmʌŋkiz/

plural of “monkey” — any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

nutsadjectiveUS /nʌts/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

PRINCEnounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

pupilsnounUS /ˈpjuːpəlz/

plural of “pupil” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

repeatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

recurring again and again

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

safeguardsnounUS /ˈseɪfɡɑːrdz/

plural of “safeguard” — a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading The Dancing Monkeys A PRINCE had some Monkeys trained to dance.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The spectacle was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) Monkeys instead of actors.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Being naturally great mimics of men’s actions, they showed themselves most apt pupils, and when arrayed in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The safeguards of virtue are hateful to those with evil intentions.

Chapter 3 of The Viper and the File by Aesop holds 448 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Viper and the File contain?

Chapter 3 holds 448 sentences of The Viper and the File, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Viper and the File by Aesop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 448 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Viper and the File?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Viper and the File

Common questions about reading The Viper and the File by Aesop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Vocabulary met early in The Viper and the File

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Viper and the File, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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