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Affirmations
Affirmations

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Affirmations is here in full — 471 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Affirmations
Context Illustration Reading 1/94 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.
Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.
No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.
The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.
Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Affirmations

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Affirmations is here in full — 471 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/94 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.
Line 2
Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.
/ˈevəri mæn ʌv ˈdʒiːnjəs ɪz ə ˈstreɪndʒər ənd ə ˈpɪlɡrəm ɑːn ðə ɜːrθ ənˈlaɪk ˈʌðər men ˈsiːɪŋ ˈevriθɪŋ æz ɪt wɜːr æt ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈæŋɡəl ˈmɪrərɪŋ ðə wɜːrld ɪn hɪz maɪnd æz ɪn ðoʊz kɑːnˈkeɪv ɔːr kənˈveks ˈmɪrərz wɪtʃ ɪˈlɔːŋɡeɪt ɔːr əˈbriːvieɪt əbˈsɜːrdli ɔːl huː əˈproʊtʃ ðem/
Line 3
No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.
Line 4
The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.
Line 5
Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abbreviate verb US /əˈbriːvieɪt/

reduce in scope while retaining essential elements

From this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

concave adjective US /kɑːnˈkeɪv/

curving inward

From this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

convex adjective US /kənˈveks/

curving or bulging outward

From this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

elevating verb US /ˈeləveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “elevate” — give a promotion to or assign to a higher position

From this reading “The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.”

elongate verb US /ɪˈlɔːŋɡeɪt/

make long or longer by pulling and stretching

From this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

mirroring verb US /ˈmɪrərɪŋ/

-ing form of “mirror” — reflect as if in a mirror

From this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

shanks noun US /ʃæŋks/

plural of “shank” — a cut of meat (beef or veal or mutton or lamb) from the upper part of the leg

From this reading “The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.”

spindle noun US /ˈspɪndəl/

(biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle

From this reading “The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old hag adjective + noun

In this reading “The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.”

keener sense adjective + noun counted as “keen sense”

In this reading “No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.”

human affairs adjective + noun

In this reading “No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.”

different angle adjective + noun

In this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

abound in verb + particle

exist in large quantity

In this reading “Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.”

towards the sky preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … sky”

In this reading “The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.”

other men adjective + noun

In this reading “Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

abbreviateverbUS /əˈbriːvieɪt/

reduce in scope while retaining essential elements

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

aboundverbUS /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

absurditynounUS /əbˈsɜːrdəti/

a message whose content is at variance with reason

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

absurdlyadverbUS /əbˈsɜːrdli/

in an absurd manner or to an absurd degree

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

concaveadjectiveUS /kɑːnˈkeɪv/

curving inward

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

convexadjectiveUS /kənˈveks/

curving or bulging outward

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

disgustverbUS /dɪsˈɡʌst/

fill with distaste

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

distressingadjectiveUS /dɪˈstresɪŋ/

causing distress or worry or anxiety

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

elevatingverbUS /ˈeləveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “elevate” — give a promotion to or assign to a higher position

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

elongateverbUS /ɪˈlɔːŋɡeɪt/

make long or longer by pulling and stretching

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

hagnounUS /hæɡ/

an ugly evil-looking old woman

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

half-amused

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

Huysmans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

imagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

keeneradjectiveUS /ˈkiːnər/

comparative of “keen” — having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

mirroringverbUS /ˈmɪrərɪŋ/

-ing form of “mirror” — reflect as if in a mirror

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

mirrorsnounUS /ˈmɪrərz/

plural of “mirror” — polished surface that forms images by reflecting light

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

pilgrimnounUS /ˈpɪlɡrəm/

someone who journeys in foreign lands

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

shanksnounUS /ʃæŋks/

plural of “shank” — a cut of meat (beef or veal or mutton or lamb) from the upper part of the leg

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

shudderingadjectiveUS /ˈʃʌdərɪŋ/

shaking convulsively or violently

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

spindlenounUS /ˈspɪndəl/

(biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No one ever had a keener sense of the distressing absurdity of human affairs than M. Huysmans.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

Trocadero

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trocadero is not a beautiful building, but to no one else probably has it appeared as an old hag lying on her back and elevating her spindle shanks towards the sky.

unaffectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈfektɪd/

undergoing no change when acted upon

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Such images of men’s works and ways abound in Huysmans’ books, and they express his unaffected vision of life, his disgust for men and things, a shuddering disgust, yet patient, half-amused.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Every man of genius is a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, unlike other men, seeing everything as it were at a different angle, mirroring the world in his mind as in those concave or convex mirrors which elongate or abbreviate absurdly all who approach them.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet we can by no means altogether account for Huysmans by race and environment.

Chapter 4 of Affirmations by Havelock Ellis holds 471 sentences, grouped into 95 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Affirmations contain?

Chapter 4 holds 471 sentences of Affirmations, unabridged, divided into 95 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Affirmations by Havelock Ellis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 471 sentences, grouped into 95 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Affirmations?

Work through the 95 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 95 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Affirmations

Common questions about reading Affirmations by Havelock Ellis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Affirmations?

Yes. All 2305 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76076 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Affirmations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76076, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Affirmations take to read?

About 192 minutes of reading across 461 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Affirmations section by section

How to work through Affirmations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Affirmations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Affirmations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Affirmations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Affirmations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Affirmations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Affirmations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Least
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Affirmations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Looking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Affirmations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.