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After London
After London

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of After London is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
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THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.
The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.
She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.
As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.
Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

After London

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of After London is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.
/ðə streɪts ðə ˈpæsədʒ ˈkɑːntræktəd ðer tuː ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər hæf ə maɪl bʌt ðiːz ˈneroʊz dɪd nɑːt kənˈtɪnjuː fɑːr ðə ʃɔːrz ˈhævɪŋ əˈproʊtʃt ðʌs nɪr iːtʃ ˈʌðər ˈkwɪkli rəˈsiːdɪd tɪl ˈprezəntli ðeɪ wɜːr æt liːst tuː maɪlz əˈpɑːrt/
Line 2
The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.
/ðə ˈmɜːr.tʃənt ˈvesəl hæd pæst ðə ˈneroʊz wɪð ðə eɪd ʌv hɜːr swiːps bʌt ʃiː muːvd ˈsloʊli ənd æz ɪt siːmd tuː hɪm wɪð ˈdɪfəkəlti/
Line 3
She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.
/ʃiː wɑːz əˈbaʊt ə maɪl ənd ə hæf ˈdɪstənt ənd nɪr ðə ˈiːstərn maʊθ ʌv ðə streɪt/
Line 4
As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.
Line 5
Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contracted adjective US /ˈkɑːntræktəd/

reduced in size or pulled together

From this reading “THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.”

mainland noun US /ˈmeɪnlænd/

the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula

From this reading “Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.”

narrows noun US /ˈneroʊz/

plural of “narrow” — a narrow strait connecting two bodies of water

From this reading “THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.”

receded verb US /rəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “recede” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading “THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.”

shores noun US /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading “THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.”

strait noun US /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading “She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.”

straits noun US /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading “THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.”

sweeps noun US /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading “The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

contractedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntræktəd/

reduced in size or pulled together

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.

EnteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

Felix

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

LakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

mainlandnounUS /ˈmeɪnlænd/

the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

narrowsnounUS /ˈneroʊz/

plural of “narrow” — a narrow strait connecting two bodies of water

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

north-north-east

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

recededverbUS /rəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “recede” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Entering the open Lake she altered her course and sailed away to the north-north-east, following the course of the northern mainland.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

straitnounUS /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.

STRAITSnounUS /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

sweepsnounUS /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was about a mile and a half distant, and near the eastern mouth of the strait.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE STRAITS The passage contracted there to little over half a mile, but these narrows did not continue far; the shores, having approached thus near each other, quickly receded, till presently they were at least two miles apart.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading As Felix watched he saw her square sail again raised, showing that she had reached a spot where the hills ceased to shut off the wind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The merchant vessel had passed the narrows with the aid of her sweeps, but she moved slowly, and, as it seemed to him, with difficulty.

Chapter 18 of After London by Richard Jefferies holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of After London contain?

Chapter 18 holds 87 sentences of After London, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of After London by Richard Jefferies exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of After London?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading After London

Common questions about reading After London by Richard Jefferies on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of After London?

Yes. All 3502 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13944 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of After London is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13944, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does After London take to read?

About 291 minutes of reading across 701 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read After London section by section

How to work through After London section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of After London to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in After London

Words and structures a reader meets early in After London, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ancients
A word that appears in the opening chapter of After London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of After London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of After London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Numbers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of After London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.