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Against the Grain
Against the Grain

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for Against the Grain
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.
He was afraid to fall asleep.
For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.
His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.
The bed covers tormented him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Against the Grain

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.
Line 2
He was afraid to fall asleep.
Line 3
For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.
Line 4
His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.
Line 5
The bed covers tormented him.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.”

Violent noun US /ˈviolent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

abated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

abysmal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

acute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

afraid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was afraid to fall asleep.

agitated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

asleep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was afraid to fall asleep.

attacked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.

attacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

covers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bed covers tormented him.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

depths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

dreams

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

fall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was afraid to fall asleep.

felt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

feverish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

flights

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

grip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was afraid to fall asleep.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

hours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

nervous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

nightmares

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

obstinate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

oppressive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

powerless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

prey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

repeatedly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.

several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

sinking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

stairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

stretched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These nightmares attacked him repeatedly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was afraid to fall asleep.

tormented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bed covers tormented him.

tortures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

tumbled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

unearthing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

violentnounUS /ˈviolent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading His nervous attacks, which had abated for several days, became acute, more violent and obstinate than ever, unearthing new tortures.

wakefulness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was afraid to fall asleep.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For hours he remained stretched on his bed, now a prey to feverish and agitated wakefulness, now in the grip of oppressive dreams in which he tumbled down flights of stairs and felt himself sinking, powerless, into abysmal depths.