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Against the Grain
Against the Grain

Chapter XI

Cover illustration for Against the Grain
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.
Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.
Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.
His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.
The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Against the Grain

Chapter XI

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.
Line 2
Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.
Line 3
Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.
Line 4
His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.
Line 5
The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Books noun US /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Complete noun US /complete/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Everything pronoun US /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading “Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.”

Forgotten adjective US /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading “Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Mind noun US /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

absence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

attendants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

beauties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

bric-a-brac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

charm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

charmed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

comes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

comparison

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

completenounUS /complete/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

contemplated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

Des

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

discreet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

Esseintes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

exhausted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

experienced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

following

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

furniture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

hard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

hotel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

individual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

London

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

loquacity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

loud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

mindnounUS /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

ministrations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

novelty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

objects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

occupied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

perceived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

period

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

possessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

protracted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

purchased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

renewed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

return

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

satisfaction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

sentiment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

separated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

servants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

silent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

softer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything there, books, bric-a-brac and furniture, had an individual charm for him.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

touch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under the touch of this sentiment, these objects possessed a renewed novelty to his mind, and he perceived in them beauties forgotten since the time he had purchased them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The silent, discreet ministrations of his servants charmed him, exhausted as he was at the thought of the loud loquacity of hotel attendants.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading During the days following his return, Des Esseintes contemplated his books and experienced, at the thought that he might have been separated from them for a long period, a satisfaction as complete as that which comes after a protracted absence.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His bed seemed the softer by comparison with the hard bed he would have occupied in London.