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Agincourt — Volume XX
Agincourt — Volume XX

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Agincourt — Volume XX is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Agincourt — Volume XX
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE JOURNEY AND THE VOYAGE.
The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.
Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.
Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.
At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Agincourt — Volume XX

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Agincourt — Volume XX is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE JOURNEY AND THE VOYAGE.
/ðə ˈdʒɜːrni ənd ðə ˈvɔɪədʒ/
Line 2
The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.
Line 3
Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.
/waɪ ɔːr werˈfɔːr let men ʌv ˈsaɪəns seɪ bʌt wʌn θɪŋ ɪz ˈsɜːrtən ðə ˈsiːzənz æt ðæt taɪm wɜːr ˈdɪfərənt frʌm ðoʊz æt ˈprezənt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈɜːrliər ðeɪ wɜːr mɔːr dɪˈstɪŋkt sprɪŋ wɑːz sprɪŋ ənd ˈsʌmər wɑːz ˈsʌmər ənd ˈwɪntər ˈkɑːntent wɪð ˈhoʊldɪŋ hɪz oʊn raɪt ˈstɪfli dɪd nɑːt əˈtempt tuː ˌɪnˈveɪd ðə raɪts ʌv hɪz ˈbreðrən/
Line 4
Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.
/fɑːr ɪn ðə nɔːrθ ʌv ˈɪŋɡlənd wiː hæd vaɪnz ˈɡroʊɪŋ ənd ˈberɪŋ fruːt ɪn ðə ˈoʊ.pən er/
Line 5
At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brightness noun US /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading “The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.”

genial adjective US /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading “At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.”

invade verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪd/

march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.”

seasons noun US /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading “Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.”

stiffly adverb US /ˈstɪfli/

in a stiff manner

From this reading “Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.”

veiled adjective US /veɪld/

having or as if having a veil or concealing cover

From this reading “The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.”

vines noun US /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading “Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.”

vineyard noun US /ˈvɪnjərd/

a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

blue sky adjective + noun

the sky as viewed during daylight

In this reading “The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.”

open air verb + noun

where the air is unconfined

In this reading “Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.”

sun rose noun + noun

any plant of the genus Helianthemum; vigorous plants of stony alpine meadows and dry scrub regions

In this reading “The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.”

good enough adjective + noun

adequately good for the circumstances

In this reading “At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.”

reign of verb + particle

In this reading “At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE JOURNEY AND THE VOYAGE.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

brethrennounUS /ˈbreðrən/

(plural) the lay members of a male religious order

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

brightnessnounUS /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

drunkadjectiveUS /drʌŋk/

stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

FaradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

genialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

Hexham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

invadeverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪd/

march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

JOURNEYverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading THE JOURNEY AND THE VOYAGE.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

ringverbUS /rɪŋ/

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

seasonsnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

stifflyadverbUS /ˈstɪfli/

in a stiff manner

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE JOURNEY AND THE VOYAGE.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

veiledadjectiveUS /veɪld/

having or as if having a veil or concealing cover

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

vinesnounUS /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

vineyardnounUS /ˈvɪnjərd/

a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

VOYAGEnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading THE JOURNEY AND THE VOYAGE.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Far in the north of England we had vines growing and bearing fruit in the open air.

welkinnoun

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

whereforeadverbUS /werˈfɔːr/

an old word meaning “why” or “for that reason”

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading At Hexham there was a vineyard; and wine was made in more than one English county--not very good, it is to be supposed, but still good enough to be drunk, and to prove the longer and more genial reign of summer in our island.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Why, or wherefore, let men of science say; but one thing is certain, the seasons at that time were different from those at present; they were earlier; they were more distinct; spring was spring, and summer was summer; and winter, content with holding his own right stiffly, did not attempt to invade the rights of his brethren.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The sun rose behind some light grey clouds, and the blue sky was veiled; but the birds made the welkin ring from amongst the young leaves of the April trees, and told of the coming brightness of the day.

Chapter 15 of Agincourt — Volume XX by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Agincourt — Volume XX contain?

Chapter 15 holds 160 sentences of Agincourt — Volume XX, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Agincourt — Volume XX by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Agincourt — Volume XX?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Agincourt — Volume XX

Common questions about reading Agincourt — Volume XX by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Agincourt — Volume XX?

Yes. All 5992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39519 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Agincourt — Volume XX is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39519, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Agincourt — Volume XX take to read?

About 499 minutes of reading across 1199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Agincourt — Volume XX section by section

How to work through Agincourt — Volume XX section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Agincourt — Volume XX to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Agincourt — Volume XX

Words and structures a reader meets early in Agincourt — Volume XX, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Black
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Solitary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twinkling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.