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Agincourt — Volume XX
Agincourt — Volume XX

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Agincourt — Volume XX is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Agincourt — Volume XX
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A SUMMARY.
All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.
Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.
If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.
There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Agincourt — Volume XX

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Agincourt — Volume XX is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SUMMARY.
/ə ˈsʌməri/
Line 2
All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.
/ɔːl wɑːz ˈbʌsəl ənd ækˈtɪvəti θruːˈaʊt ˈflændərz ənd ˈbɜːrɡəndi ˈæftər ðə rɪˈtɜːrn ʌv dʒɑːn ðə boʊld frʌm ˈperɪs/
Line 3
Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.
Line 4
If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.
/ɪf ˌhaʊˈevər ðə ˈkʌntri ɪn ˈdʒenərəl wɑːz ˈædʒəteɪtɪd mʌtʃ mɔːr soʊ wɑːz ðə ˈsɪti ʌv lɪl wer ðə duːk prəˈlɔːŋd hɪz ˈrezɪdəns fɔːr sʌm wiːks/
Line 5
There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.
/ðer deɪ ˈæftər deɪ ˈkaʊnsəlz wɜːr held ɪn ðə ˈkæsəl ənd deɪ ˈæftər deɪ nɑːt ˈoʊnli frʌm ˈevəri pɑːrt ʌv ðə duːks væst ˈterətɔːriz bʌt ˈɔːlsoʊ frʌm ˈneɪbərɪŋ steɪts keɪm kraʊdz ʌv hɪz frendz ənd ˈælaɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

archers noun US /ˈɑːrtʃərz/

plural of “archer” — a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

councils noun US /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “council” — a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading “There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.”

faction noun US /ˈfækʃən/

a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

gatherings noun US /ˈɡæðərɪŋz/

plural of “gathering” — a group of persons together in one place

From this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

Lille noun US /lɪl/

an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders

From this reading “If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.”

summary noun US /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading “A SUMMARY.”

territories noun US /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.”

vassals noun US /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

relapsed into verb + particle counted as “relapse into”

In this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

vast territories adjective + noun counted as “vast territory”

In this reading “There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.”

across the frontier preposition + article + noun counted as “across … frontier”

In this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.”

much more adverb + adjective

In this reading “If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.”

some weeks adjective + noun counted as “some week”

In this reading “If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.”

after day preposition + noun

In this reading “There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.”

crowds of verb + particle counted as “crowd of”

In this reading “There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SUMMARY.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

agitatedadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəteɪtɪd/

troubled emotionally and usually deeply

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

alliesnounUS /ˈælaɪz/

the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

archersnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃərz/

plural of “archer” — a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

BoldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

BurgundynounUS /ˈbɜːrɡəndi/

a former province of eastern France that is famous for its wines

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

councilsnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “council” — a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

discontentedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪskənˈtentɪd/

showing or experiencing dissatisfaction or restless longing

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

Duke'snounUS /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

factionnounUS /ˈfækʃən/

a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

feudatoryadjective

of or pertaining to the relation of a feudal vassal to his lord

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

FlandersnounUS /ˈflændərz/

a medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

gatheringsnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋz/

plural of “gathering” — a group of persons together in one place

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

imbecilitynoun

retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

LillenounUS /lɪl/

an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

messengersnounUS /ˈmesəndʒərz/

plural of “messenger” — a person who carries a message

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

multitudesnounUS /ˈmʌltətjuːdz/

plural of “multitude” — a large indefinite number

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

pouringadjectiveUS /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

flowing profusely

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

prolongedadjectiveUS /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

relapsedverbUS /riˈlæpst/

past form of “relapse” — deteriorate in health

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

SovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

SUMMARYnounUS /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading A SUMMARY.

territoriesnounUS /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

vassalsnounUS /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading There, day after day, councils were held in the castle; and day after day, not only from every part of the Duke's vast territories, but also from neighbouring states, came crowds of his friends and allies.

VInounUS /vaɪ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All was bustle and activity throughout Flanders and Burgundy after the return of John the Bold from Paris.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading If, however, the country in general was agitated, much more so was the city of Lille, where the Duke prolonged his residence for some weeks.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Night and day messengers were crossing the country from one town to another, and every castle in the land saw gatherings of men-at-arms and archers; while, across the frontier from France, came multitudes of the discontented vassals of Charles VI., pouring in to offer either service or council to the great feudatory, who was now almost in open warfare, if not against his Sovereign, at least against the faction into whose hands that Sovereign (once more relapsed into imbecility) had fallen.

Chapter 23 of Agincourt — Volume XX by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James holds 81 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Agincourt — Volume XX contain?

Chapter 23 holds 81 sentences of Agincourt — Volume XX, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Agincourt — Volume XX by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 81 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Agincourt — Volume XX?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Agincourt — Volume XX

Common questions about reading Agincourt — Volume XX by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Agincourt — Volume XX?

Yes. All 5992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39519 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Agincourt — Volume XX is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39519, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Agincourt — Volume XX take to read?

About 499 minutes of reading across 1199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Agincourt — Volume XX section by section

How to work through Agincourt — Volume XX section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Agincourt — Volume XX to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Agincourt — Volume XX

Words and structures a reader meets early in Agincourt — Volume XX, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Black
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Solitary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twinkling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Agincourt — Volume XX; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.