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Ahead of the Army
Ahead of the Army

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 265 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.
There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.
Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.
They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.
She had done it mysteriously and impudently.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ahead of the Army

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 265 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.
Line 2
There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.
Line 3
Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.
/bɪˈfɔːr ðɪs æt ˈdɪstənsəz ʌv ə fjuː maɪlz frʌm iːtʃ ˈʌðər ə ˈtriːoʊ ʌv ɑːrmd ˈvesəlz ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ θriː ʌv ðə ɡreɪt ˈpaʊərz ʌv ðə wɜːrld wɜːr ˈdæʃɪŋ əˈlɔːŋ ˈʌndər fʊl seɪl æz ɪf ðeɪ wɜːr ɪn ə ˈhɜːri/
Line 4
They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.
Line 5
She had done it mysteriously and impudently.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dashing adjective US /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading “Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.”

dawned verb US /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading “THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.”

distances noun US /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading “Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.”

hungrily adverb US /ˈhʌŋɡrəli/

in the manner of someone who is very hungry

From this reading “They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.”

Mexico noun US /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading “There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.”

mysteriously adverb US /ˌmɪˈstɪriəsli/

in a cryptic manner

From this reading “She had done it mysteriously and impudently.”

representing verb US /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.”

trio noun US /ˈtriːoʊ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading “Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

9th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

blowingnounUS /ˈbloʊɪŋ/

processing that involves blowing a gas

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

brightlyadverbUS /ˈbraɪtli/

with brightness

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

dashingadjectiveUS /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

distancesnounUS /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading She had done it mysteriously and impudently.

double-flagged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

FORTUNEnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

GulfnounUS /ɡʌlf/

an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

hungrilyadverbUS /ˈhʌŋɡrəli/

in the manner of someone who is very hungry

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

hurrynounUS /ˈhɜːri/

a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

impudentlyadverb

in an impudent or impertinent manner

From this reading She had done it mysteriously and impudently.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading She had done it mysteriously and impudently.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

mysteriouslyadverbUS /ˌmɪˈstɪriəsli/

in a cryptic manner

From this reading She had done it mysteriously and impudently.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

searchingadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtʃɪŋ/

diligent and thorough in inquiry or investigation

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had done it mysteriously and impudently.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

ten-knot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

trionounUS /ˈtriːoʊ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE FORTUNE OF WAR The morning of the 9th of May dawned brightly on the ocean and on the shore.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They were so, for they all were searching hungrily after a double-flagged bark, which they had caught the day before, but which had managed to escape from them in the night.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading There was a heavy sea running on the Gulf of Mexico, but the wind that was blowing was little more than a ten-knot breeze.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Before this, at distances of a few miles from each other, a trio of armed vessels, representing three of the great powers of the world, were dashing along under full sail, as if they were in a hurry.

Chapter 4 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard holds 265 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Ahead of the Army contain?

Chapter 4 holds 265 sentences of Ahead of the Army, unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 265 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Ahead of the Army?

Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ahead of the Army

Common questions about reading Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ahead of the Army?

Yes. All 3489 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23744 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ahead of the Army is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23744, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ahead of the Army take to read?

About 290 minutes of reading across 698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ahead of the Army section by section

How to work through Ahead of the Army section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Ahead of the Army to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ahead of the Army

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ahead of the Army, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Andrew
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.