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Ahead of the Army
Ahead of the Army

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 235 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.
Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.
The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.
General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.
He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ahead of the Army

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 235 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.
/ˈfɔːrwərd mɑːrtʃ ðə sʌn ʌv ðə nekst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ərˈoʊz əˈpɑːn ə ɡreɪt diːl ʌv daʊt ənd ənˈsɜːrtənti ɪn ˈmeni ˈpleɪsəz/
Line 2
Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.
/sʌm ʌv ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz ʌv ˈdʒenərəl ˈteɪlərz ˈɑːrmi wɜːr ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər ənˈsɜːrtən ˈɪntuː wʌt ˈbʊʃəz ʌv ðə ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˌʃæpərˈæl ðə ˈnɔːrðər hæd bloʊn ðer tents ənd ðeɪ went aʊt ɪn sɜːrtʃ ʌv ðer ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈkɑːtən dʌk ˈʃeltərz/
Line 3
The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.
Line 4
General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.
/ˈdʒenərəl ˈteɪlər hɪmˈself wɑːz ʃʊr ʌv æt liːst ðə wʌn pɔɪnt ðæt hiː hæd noʊ raɪt tuː krɔːs ðə ˈmʌdi ˈrɪvər ɪn frʌnt ʌv hɪm ənd meɪk ə reɪd ˈɪntuː ˈmeksəkoʊ ənˈtɪl hiː ʃʊd hiːr əˈɡen frʌm ðə ˈɡʌvərmənt æt ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ənd biː əˈfɪʃəli ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd ðæt ðə wɔːr wɪtʃ hiː wɑːz ˈkæriɪŋ ɑːn soʊ wel hæd ˈrɪli bɪˈɡʌn/
Line 5
He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chaparral noun US /ˌʃæpərˈæl/

dense vegetation consisting of stunted trees or bushes

From this reading “Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.”

discontentedly adverb US /ˌdɪskənˈtentɪdli/

with discontent; in a discontented manner

From this reading “He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.”

lancers noun US /ˈlænsərz/

a quadrille for 8 or 16 couples

From this reading “He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.”

manufacturer noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərər/

a business engaged in manufacturing some product

From this reading “The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.”

norther noun US /ˈnɔːrðər/

a wind that blows from the north

From this reading “Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.”

shelters noun US /ˈʃeltərz/

plural of “shelter” — a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading “Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.”

Taylor's noun US /ˈteɪlərz/

possessive form of “taylor” — United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)

From this reading “Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.”

Texan noun US /ˈteksən/

a native or resident of Texas

From this reading “He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

blownadjectiveUS /bloʊn/

being moved or acted upon by moving air or vapor

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

chaparralnounUS /ˌʃæpərˈæl/

dense vegetation consisting of stunted trees or bushes

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

crazyadjectiveUS /ˈkreɪzi/

affected with madness or insanity

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

discontentedlyadverbUS /ˌdɪskənˈtentɪdli/

with discontent; in a discontented manner

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

duckverbUS /dʌk/

to move (the head or body) quickly downwards or away

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

FORWARDadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

Grande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

grumbledverbUS /ˈɡrʌmbəld/

past form of “grumble” — show one's unhappiness or critical attitude

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

lancersnounUS /ˈlænsərz/

a quadrille for 8 or 16 couples

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

legallyadverbUS /ˈliːɡəli/

by law; conforming to the law

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

manufacturernounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərər/

a business engaged in manufacturing some product

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

MARCHverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

missingadjectiveUS /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

not able to be found

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

neighboringadjectiveUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

northernounUS /ˈnɔːrðər/

a wind that blows from the north

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

officiallyadverbUS /əˈfɪʃəli/

in an official role

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

raidverbUS /reɪd/

search without warning, make a sudden surprise attack on

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

ranchero

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

RionounUS /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

rumornounUS /ˈruːmər/

gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

rumorsnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumor” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

sheltersnounUS /ˈʃeltərz/

plural of “shelter” — a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

TaylornounUS /ˈteɪlər/

United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

Taylor'snounUS /ˈteɪlərz/

possessive form of “taylor” — United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

tentsnounUS /tents/

plural of “tent” — a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

TexannounUS /ˈteksən/

a native or resident of Texas

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

uncertainadjectiveUS /ənˈsɜːrtən/

lacking or indicating lack of confidence or assurance

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading FORWARD, MARCH The sun of the next morning arose upon a great deal of doubt and uncertainty in many places.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The entire force encamped at the Rio Grande border was in the dark as to what it might next be ordered to do, and all sorts of rumors went around from regiment to regiment, as if the rumor manufacturer had gone crazy.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading He and all his army believed that it was already going on, and they grumbled discontentedly that they were compelled to remain in camp, and watch for ranchero lancers on Texan soil, if it was legally Texan at all, until permission arrived to strike their tents and march forward.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Some of the soldiers of General Taylor's army were altogether uncertain into what bushes of the neighboring chaparral the norther had blown their tents, and they went out in search of their missing cotton duck shelters.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading General Taylor himself was sure of at least the one point, that he had no right to cross the muddy river in front of him and make a raid into Mexico until he should hear again from the government at Washington, and be officially informed that the war, which he was carrying on so well, had really begun.

Chapter 7 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard holds 235 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Ahead of the Army contain?

Chapter 7 holds 235 sentences of Ahead of the Army, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 235 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Ahead of the Army?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ahead of the Army

Common questions about reading Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ahead of the Army?

Yes. All 3489 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23744 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ahead of the Army is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23744, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ahead of the Army take to read?

About 290 minutes of reading across 698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Ahead of the Army section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Ahead of the Army to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ahead of the Army

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ahead of the Army, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Andrew
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.