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Ahead of the Army
Ahead of the Army

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?
I want to know all I can."
"Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.
He says he came down that trail in midwinter.
He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ahead of the Army

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?
Line 2
I want to know all I can."
/aɪ wɑːnt tuː noʊ ɔːl aɪ kæn/
Line 3
"Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.
/wel ˈkæptən liː rɪˈplaɪd ɡrænt hiːr hiː ɪz tuː spiːk fɔːr hɪmˈself/
Line 4
He says he came down that trail in midwinter.
/hiː sez hiː keɪm daʊn ðæt treɪl ɪn ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/
Line 5
He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cortes noun US /ˌkɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading “He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."”

Crawford noun US /ˈkrɔːfərd/

United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading “THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?”

Lee noun US /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading “THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?”

midwinter noun US /ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/

the middle of winter

From this reading “He says he came down that trail in midwinter.”

passes noun US /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading “THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?”

Spanish noun US /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading “He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."”

studied adjective US /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading “He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."”

trail noun US /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading “He says he came down that trail in midwinter.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I want to know all I can."

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He says he came down that trail in midwinter.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I want to know all I can."

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

Cerro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

CortesnounUS /ˌkɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

CrawfordnounUS /ˈkrɔːfərd/

United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He says he came down that trail in midwinter.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

Gordo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

GrantverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I want to know all I can."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He says he came down that trail in midwinter.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I want to know all I can."

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

midwinternounUS /ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/

the middle of winter

From this reading He says he came down that trail in midwinter.

MOUNTAINnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

PASSESnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading He says he came down that trail in midwinter.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading He says he came down that trail in midwinter.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading I want to know all I can."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading "Well, Captain Lee," replied Grant, "here he is, to speak for himself.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading THE MOUNTAIN PASSES "Grant," said Captain Lee, "what did Crawford say to you about that Cerro Gordo road?

Zuroaga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He studied it, too, because his friend, General Zuroaga, told him it was built by a Spanish fellow by the name of Cortes."

Chapter 18 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Ahead of the Army contain?

Chapter 18 holds 145 sentences of Ahead of the Army, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Ahead of the Army?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ahead of the Army

Common questions about reading Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ahead of the Army?

Yes. All 3489 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23744 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ahead of the Army is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23744, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ahead of the Army take to read?

About 290 minutes of reading across 698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ahead of the Army section by section

How to work through Ahead of the Army section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Ahead of the Army to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ahead of the Army

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ahead of the Army, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Andrew
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.