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Ahead of the Army
Ahead of the Army

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.
"It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.
It was called Tenochtitlan, then."
He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.
These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ahead of the Army

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Ahead of the Army is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.
Line 2
"It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.
Line 3
It was called Tenochtitlan, then."
Line 4
He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.
/hiː wɑːz ˈstændɪŋ əˈpɑːn ə ˈɡrænət ledʒ ɑːn ðə sloʊp ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntənz saʊθ ʌv ðə ˈsɪti ənd bɪˈloʊ hɪm ðə ˈnɪrəst ˈɑːbdʒekts ʌv ˈɪntrəst wɜːr ðə waɪt tents ʌv ðə əˈmerəkən ˈɑːrmi ɪnˈkæmpt ðer waɪl nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz fɔːr piːs wɜːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ ˈfɔːrwərd bɪˈtwiːn ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɡʌvərmənt ənd ˈsæntə ˈænə/
Line 5
These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.
/ðiːz wɜːr nɑːt prəˈɡresɪŋ wel fɔːr ðə ˌɪnˈveɪdərz wɜːr dɪˈmændɪŋ mɔːr ðæn ˈeni ˈmeksəkən ˈɡʌvərmənt kʊd biː ˈredi tuː ɡrænt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cortes noun US /ˌkɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading “"It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.”

demanding adjective US /dɪˈmændɪŋ/

requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill

From this reading “These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.”

encamped verb US /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading “He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.”

invaders noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.”

negotiations noun US /nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “negotiation” — a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading “He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.”

progressing verb US /prəˈɡresɪŋ/

-ing form of “progress” — develop in a positive way

From this reading “These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.”

telescope verb US /ˈteləskoʊp/

crush together or collapse

From this reading “SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.”

trapped adjective US /træpt/

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading “SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

aloudadverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

using the voice; not silently

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

AnnanounUS /ˈænə/

a former copper coin of Pakistan and India

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

battle-ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was called Tenochtitlan, then."

CARFORA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

CortesnounUS /ˌkɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

demandingadjectiveUS /dɪˈmændɪŋ/

requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

granitenounUS /ˈɡrænət/

plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

grantverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

invadersnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

ledgenounUS /ledʒ/

a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

MexicannounUS /ˈmeksəkən/

a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

Ned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

negotiationsnounUS /nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “negotiation” — a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

progressingverbUS /prəˈɡresɪŋ/

-ing form of “progress” — develop in a positive way

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

SantanounUS /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

SENORnounUS /ˌsiːˈnjɔːr/

a Spanish title or form of address for a man; similar to the English “Mr” or “sir”

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

telescopeverbUS /ˈteləskoʊp/

crush together or collapse

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

Tenochtitlan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was called Tenochtitlan, then."

tentsnounUS /tents/

plural of “tent” — a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was called Tenochtitlan, then."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

Tlascalans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

TRAPPEDadjectiveUS /træpt/

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading SENOR CARFORA TRAPPED "I never saw anything finer than this," said Ned, aloud, as he slowly turned his telescope from one point to another.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was called Tenochtitlan, then."

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading These were not progressing well, for the invaders were demanding more than any Mexican government could be ready to grant.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "It is the old battle-ground of Cortes, when he and his Spaniards and Tlascalans took the city of Mexico.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading He was standing upon a granite ledge, on the slope of the mountains south of the city, and below him the nearest objects of interest were the white tents of the American army, encamped there while negotiations for peace were going forward between the United States government and Santa Anna.

Chapter 19 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Ahead of the Army contain?

Chapter 19 holds 169 sentences of Ahead of the Army, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Ahead of the Army?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ahead of the Army

Common questions about reading Ahead of the Army by William O. Stoddard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ahead of the Army?

Yes. All 3489 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23744 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ahead of the Army is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23744, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ahead of the Army take to read?

About 290 minutes of reading across 698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ahead of the Army section by section

How to work through Ahead of the Army section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Ahead of the Army to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ahead of the Army

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ahead of the Army, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Andrew
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ahead of the Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.