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Alfgar the Dane
Alfgar the Dane

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Alfgar the Dane is here in full — 172 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Alfgar the Dane
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.
I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.
But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."
Well, to begin.
When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Alfgar the Dane

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Alfgar the Dane is here in full — 172 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.
Line 2
I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.
/aɪ fiːl ˈθɜːroʊli ˈsɪkənd baɪ ðə ˈveri riˈmembrəns ʌv ðə ˈblʌdʃed ənd ˈtretʃ.ər.i wɪtʃ hæv dɪsˈɡreɪst ˈkrɪstʃən ˈɪŋɡlənd ənd wɪtʃ wɪl əˈʃʊrədli brɪŋ daʊn ɡɑːdz ˈdʒʌdʒmənt əˈpɑːn ʌs/
Line 3
But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."
/bʌt aɪ wɪl duː ˈvaɪələns tuː ˌmaɪˈself ənd wɪl raɪt ɔːl θɪŋz ˈækjərətli ɪn ˈɔːrdər ɪt meɪ sɜːrv tuː ʃoʊ ðæt ðer wɜːr ðoʊz əˈmʌŋst ʌs huː wɜːr nɑːt kənˈsentɪŋ ˈpɑːrtiz huː ˈentərd nɑːt ˈɪntuː ðə ˈkaʊnsəlz ʌv ðoʊz men ʌv blʌd huːm meɪ ɡɑːd rɪˈwɔːrd ˈæftər ðer diːdz ənd əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə ˈwɪkədnəs ʌv ðer oʊn ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/
Line 4
Well, to begin.
/wel tuː bɪˈɡɪn/
Line 5
When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accurately adverb US /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading “But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."”

bloodshed noun US /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading “I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.”

consenting adjective US /kənˈsentɪŋ/

having given consent

From this reading “But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."”

counsels noun US /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “counsel” — a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading “But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."”

disgraced adjective US /dɪsˈɡreɪst/

suffering shame

From this reading “I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.”

inventions noun US /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading “But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."”

refuses noun US /rəˈfjuːzəz/

plural of “refuse” — food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading “Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.”

sickened verb US /ˈsɪkənd/

past form of “sicken” — cause aversion in; offend the moral sense of

From this reading “I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1002

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

14th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

accuratelyadverbUS /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

Alfgar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

assuredlyadverbUS /əˈʃʊrədli/

without a doubt

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

bloodshednounUS /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

bowernounUS /ˈbaʊər/

a framework that supports climbing plants

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

consentingadjectiveUS /kənˈsentɪŋ/

having given consent

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

counselsnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “counsel” — a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

deedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

disgracedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈɡreɪst/

suffering shame

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

feelsnounUS /fiːlz/

plural of “feel” — an intuitive awareness

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

God'snounUS /ɡɑːdz/

possessive form of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

inventionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

outwardadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

refusesnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəz/

plural of “refuse” — food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

remembrancenounUS /riˈmembrəns/

the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

rewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

sickenedverbUS /ˈsɪkənd/

past form of “sicken” — cause aversion in; offend the moral sense of

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

suppernounUS /ˈsʌpər/

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

treacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well, to begin.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

wickednessnounUS /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading But I will do violence to myself, and will write all things accurately, in order it may serve to show that there were those amongst us who were not consenting parties, who entered not into the counsels of those men of blood, whom may God "reward after their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their own inventions."

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I feel thoroughly sickened by the very remembrance of the bloodshed and treachery which have disgraced Christian England, and which will assuredly bring down God's judgment upon us.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When supper was ended at the hall last night, my brother bade his wife and children seek their bower, and Alfgar went with them; then he addressed his people with that confidence and affection he not only shows in his outward speech, but really feels in his heart.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Monday, November 14th, 1002.-- I hardly know how to write the events of last night, my pen almost refuses to begin.

Chapter 4 of Alfgar the Dane by A. D. (Augustine David) Crake holds 172 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Alfgar the Dane contain?

Chapter 4 holds 172 sentences of Alfgar the Dane, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Alfgar the Dane by A. D. (Augustine David) Crake exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 172 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Alfgar the Dane?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Alfgar the Dane

Common questions about reading Alfgar the Dane by A. D. (Augustine David) Crake on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Alfgar the Dane?

Yes. All 3729 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13305 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Alfgar the Dane is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13305, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Alfgar the Dane take to read?

About 310 minutes of reading across 746 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Alfgar the Dane section by section

How to work through Alfgar the Dane section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Alfgar the Dane to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Alfgar the Dane

Words and structures a reader meets early in Alfgar the Dane, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Alfgar the Dane; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Presented
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Alfgar the Dane; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indulgence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Alfgar the Dane; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Public
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Alfgar the Dane; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.