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American Adventures
American Adventures

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of American Adventures is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.
As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.
My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.
The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.
Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

American Adventures

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of American Adventures is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.
Line 2
As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.
/æz wiː wɜːr ˈdraɪvɪŋ əˈlɔːŋ ɪn ðə ˈmoʊtər wiː ˌoʊvərˈtʊk æn oʊld ˈtrʌdʒɪŋ ˈniːɡroʊ ˈveri ˈpɪktʃərəsk ɪn hɪz ˈræɡəd ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ˈbætərd sɑːft hæt/
Line 3
My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.
Line 4
The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.
/ðə ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl ˈhævɪŋ pæst ðə ˈniːɡroʊ wɑːz stɑːpt tuː weɪt fɔːr hɪm tuː kætʃ ʌp/
Line 5
Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

automobile noun US /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading “The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.”

battered adjective US /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading “As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.”

battlefield noun US /ˈbætəlfiːld/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading “SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.”

overtook verb US /ˌoʊvərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading “As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.”

Reliable adjective US /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading “My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.”

shreds noun US /ʃredz/

plural of “shred” — a tiny or scarcely detectable amount

From this reading “SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.”

Southerners noun US /ˈsʌðərnərz/

plural of “southerner” — an American who lives in the South

From this reading “Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.”

trudging verb US /ˈtrʌdʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “trudge” — walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud

From this reading “As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

arrangeverbUS /ərˈeɪndʒ/

put into a proper or systematic order

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

automobilenounUS /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

batteredadjectiveUS /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

battlefieldnounUS /ˈbætəlfiːld/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

catchverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

Dickson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

HarrisnounUS /ˈherɪs/

United States author who wrote the stories about Uncle Remus (1848-1908)

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

Marse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

negroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

overtookverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

PATCHESnounUS /ˈpætʃəz/

plural of “patch” — a small contrasting part of something

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

PresentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

ReliableadjectiveUS /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

SHREDSnounUS /ʃredz/

plural of “shred” — a tiny or scarcely detectable amount

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

SouthernersnounUS /ˈsʌðərnərz/

plural of “southerner” — an American who lives in the South

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

trudgingverbUS /ˈtrʌdʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “trudge” — walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading The automobile, having passed the negro, was stopped to wait for him to catch up.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

wayfarernoun

a pedestrian who walks from place to place

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As we were driving along in the motor we overtook an old trudging negro, very picturesque in his ragged clothing and battered soft hat.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading SHREDS AND PATCHES It was Marse Harris Dickson who showed us the battlefield.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Presently, as he came by, Marse Harris addressed him in that friendly way Southerners have with negroes.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading My companion said that he would like to take a picture of this wayfarer, and asked Marse Harris, who, as author of the "Old Reliable" stories, seemed best fitted for the task, to arrange the matter.

Chapter 31 of American Adventures by Julian Street holds 62 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of American Adventures contain?

Chapter 31 holds 62 sentences of American Adventures, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of American Adventures by Julian Street exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 62 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of American Adventures?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading American Adventures

Common questions about reading American Adventures by Julian Street on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of American Adventures?

Yes. All 6556 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18304 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of American Adventures is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18304, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does American Adventures take to read?

About 546 minutes of reading across 1312 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read American Adventures section by section

How to work through American Adventures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of American Adventures to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in American Adventures

Words and structures a reader meets early in American Adventures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Journeys
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Through
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
States
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Start
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.