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American boys afloat
American boys afloat

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of American boys afloat is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for American boys afloat
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.
Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.
Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.
At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.
By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

American boys afloat

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of American boys afloat is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.
Line 2
Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.
/ˈnʌθɪŋ ˈmuːvəbəl wʊd steɪ ɪn pleɪs ənd ˈevriθɪŋ hæd tuː biː sɪˈkjʊrd/
Line 3
Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.
Line 4
At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.
/æt fɜːrst ˈevriθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɡæli wɑːz pɪtʃt ˈɪntuː hiːps bʌt pɪts hæd brɔːt ˈɔːrdər aʊt ʌv kənˈfjuːʒən ðer/
Line 5
By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

galley noun US /ˈɡæli/

a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading “At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.”

heaps noun US /hiːps/

a large number or amount

From this reading “At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.”

lashed verb US /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading “CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.”

Mediterranean noun US /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading “CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.”

Morris noun US /ˈmɔːrəs/

United States suffragist in Wyoming (1814-1902)

From this reading “By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.”

movable adjective US /ˈmuːvəbəl/

(of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)

From this reading “Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.”

pitched adjective US /pɪtʃt/

(of sound) set to a certain pitch or key; usually used as a combining form

From this reading “At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.”

Pitts noun US /pɪts/

plural of “pitt” — a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading “At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

break loose verb + adjective

be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise

In this reading “By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.”

on board preposition + noun

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

In this reading “Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.”

on deck preposition + noun

In this reading “Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.”

in the cabin preposition + article + noun counted as “in … cabin”

In this reading “Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.”

on duty preposition + noun

In this reading “By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.”

stay in verb + particle

In this reading “Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.”

put in verb + particle

place, fit, or thrust (something) into another thing

In this reading “By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

CAPTAINnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

Felix

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

FORESAILnoun

the lowest sail on the foremast of a square-rigged vessel

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

galleynounUS /ˈɡæli/

a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

heapsnounUS /hiːps/

a large number or amount

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

lashedverbUS /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

MorrisnounUS /ˈmɔːrəs/

United States suffragist in Wyoming (1814-1902)

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

movableadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvəbəl/

(of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

pilot-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

pitchedadjectiveUS /pɪtʃt/

(of sound) set to a certain pitch or key; usually used as a combining form

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

PittsnounUS /pɪts/

plural of “pitt” — a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

REEFED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

Rope-yarns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

SCOTTnounUS /skɑːt/

award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

SETSnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading CAPTAIN SCOTT SETS A REEFED FORESAIL The Mediterranean had very suddenly lashed itself into a fury.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At first everything in the galley was pitched into heaps; but Pitts had brought order out of confusion there.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Rope-yarns were in great demand; and Captain Scott had done everything possible for the safety of the property on board, in the pilot-house, on deck, and in the cabin.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading By the middle of the afternoon watch, with Morris and Louis on duty, everything had been put in order; for after the captain and Felix believed that all was safe, something would break loose and need further attention.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Nothing movable would stay in place, and everything had to be secured.

Chapter 31 of American boys afloat by Oliver Optic holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of American boys afloat contain?

Chapter 31 holds 105 sentences of American boys afloat, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of American boys afloat by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of American boys afloat?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading American boys afloat

Common questions about reading American boys afloat by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of American boys afloat?

Yes. All 3955 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75149 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of American boys afloat is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75149, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does American boys afloat take to read?

About 329 minutes of reading across 791 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in American boys afloat

Words and structures a reader meets early in American boys afloat, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American boys afloat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American boys afloat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American boys afloat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American boys afloat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.