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American Indians
American Indians

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of American Indians is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for American Indians
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.
There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.
The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.
They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.
In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

American Indians

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of American Indians is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.
Line 2
There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.
Line 3
The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.
Line 4
They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.
Line 5
In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adobe noun US /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading “The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.”

bricks noun US /brɪks/

plural of “brick” — rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading “The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.”

dances noun US /ˈdænsəz/

plural of “dance” — an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading “There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.”

openings noun US /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading “They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.”

pottery noun US /ˈpɑːtəri/

ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln

From this reading “There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.”

pueblo noun US /pˈwebloʊ/

a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called “Pueblos” by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)

From this reading “There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.”

sashes noun US /ˈsæʃɪz/

plural of “sash” — a framework that holds the panes of a window in the window frame

From this reading “In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.”

spin verb US /spɪn/

revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading “There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

small openings adjective + noun counted as “small opening”

In this reading “They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

adobenounUS /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

bricksnounUS /brɪks/

plural of “brick” — rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

dancesnounUS /ˈdænsəz/

plural of “dance” — an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

house-tops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

openingsnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

peepholes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

ponynounUS /ˈpoʊniː/

a range horse of the western United States

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

potterynounUS /ˈpɑːtəri/

ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

pueblonounUS /pˈwebloʊ/

a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called “Pueblos” by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

pueblos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

sashesnounUS /ˈsæʃɪz/

plural of “sash” — a framework that holds the panes of a window in the window frame

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

spinverbUS /spɪn/

revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

squashes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

sun-driedadjective

dried naturally by the sun

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading In the pueblos of to-day we find true sashes with glass in a few of the houses.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There they spin, shell corn, cut and dry squashes, shape pottery vessels, etc. There they gather in crowds when there are dances in the pueblo, and when there are foot races or pony races.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The walls of these houses are built of stone covered over with adobe mud, or of sun-dried adobe bricks.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The people are fond of sitting on the house-tops as they work.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They did not formerly have what we would call windows, but there were small openings in the walls for air, or for peepholes.

Chapter 6 of American Indians by Frederick Starr holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of American Indians contain?

Chapter 6 holds 436 sentences of American Indians, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of American Indians by Frederick Starr exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of American Indians?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading American Indians

Common questions about reading American Indians by Frederick Starr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of American Indians?

Yes. All 2993 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35915 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of American Indians is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35915, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does American Indians take to read?

About 249 minutes of reading across 599 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read American Indians section by section

How to work through American Indians section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of American Indians to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in American Indians

Words and structures a reader meets early in American Indians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indians
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intended
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reading
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Indians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.