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American Leaders and Heroes
American Leaders and Heroes

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of American Leaders and Heroes is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.
At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.
Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.
At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.
The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

American Leaders and Heroes

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of American Leaders and Heroes is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.
Line 2
At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.
/æt wʌns ðə ˈɪndiənz huː hæd bɪn held ɪn tʃek baɪ fɪr ʌv smɪθ bɪˈɡæn tuː rɑːb ənd ˈplʌn.dər ðə ˈsetəlmənt ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈfæmən ənd dɪˈziːz ˈeɪdəd ɪn ðə wɜːrk ʌv dɪˈstrʌkʃən/
Line 3
Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.
/dɑːɡz ˈhɔːrsəz ənd ˈiːvɪn ræts ənd maɪs wɜːr ɪn dɪˈmænd fɔːr fuːd ənd waɪl æt ɪts wɜːrst ðə ˈfæmən kəmˈpeld ðə ˈsʌfərɪŋ ˈkɑːlənɪsts tuː fiːd əˈpɑːn ðə ˈbɑːdiz ʌv ðer oʊn ded/
Line 4
At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.
/æt ðə kloʊs ʌv ðæt ˈterəbəl ˈwɪntər noʊn ˈevər sɪns æz ðə ˈstɑːrvɪŋ taɪm ˈberli ˈsɪksti ʌv ðə faɪv ˈhʌndrəd men huːm smɪθ hæd left ɪn ðə ˈkɑːləni sərˈvaɪvd/
Line 5
The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.
/ðə ˈfjuːtʃər ˈprɑːməst ˈnʌθɪŋ ənd ðə ˈretʃɪd ˈremnənt ʌv ˈsʌfərərz wɜːr əˈbaʊt tuː liːv vərˈdʒɪnjə fɔːr ðer ˈfɑːðərlænd wen æn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈvesəl hoʊv ɪn saɪt ɑːn ðə dʒeɪmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

colonists noun US /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.”

famine noun US /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.”

fatherland noun US /ˈfɑːðərlænd/

the country where you were born

From this reading “The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.”

hove verb US /hoʊv/

inflected form of “heave” — utter a sound, as with obvious effort

From this reading “The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.”

remnant noun US /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading “The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.”

sufferers noun US /ˈsʌfərərz/

plural of “sufferer” — a person suffering from an illness

From this reading “The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.”

survived verb US /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading “At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.”

Uprising noun US /əˈpraɪzɪŋ/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading “Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five hundred noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the product of one hundred and five

In this reading “At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.”

At once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.”

feed upon verb + particle

be sustained by

In this reading “Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.”

hundred men noun + noun

In this reading “At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.”

for food preposition + noun

In this reading “Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.”

in sight preposition + noun

at or within a reasonable distance for seeing

In this reading “The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1647

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

1676

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

aidedadjectiveUS /ˈeɪdəd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

BaconnounUS /ˈbeɪkən/

back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

colonistsnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

diseasenounUS /dɪˈziːz/

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

DogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

fatherlandnounUS /ˈfɑːðərlænd/

the country where you were born

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

feedverbUS /fiːd/

provide as food

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

hoveverbUS /hoʊv/

inflected form of “heave” — utter a sound, as with obvious effort

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

micenounUS /maɪs/

plural of “mouse” — any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

Nathaniel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

plundernounUS /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

ratsnounUS /ræts/

plural of “rat” — any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

remnantnounUS /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

robverbUS /rɑːb/

take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

StarvingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrvɪŋ/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

sufferersnounUS /ˈsʌfərərz/

plural of “sufferer” — a person suffering from an illness

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

UprisingnounUS /əˈpraɪzɪŋ/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading At the close of that terrible winter, known ever since as the "Starving Time," barely sixty of the five hundred men whom Smith had left in the colony survived.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Nathaniel Bacon and the Uprising of the People in Virginia in 1676 [1647-1676] When Smith returned to England he left the colony without a leader.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading At once the Indians, who had been held in check by fear of Smith, began to rob and plunder the settlement, and at the same time famine and disease aided in the work of destruction.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading Dogs, horses, and even rats and mice were in demand for food, and while at its worst the famine compelled the suffering colonists to feed upon the bodies of their own dead.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading The future promised nothing, and the wretched remnant of sufferers were about to leave Virginia for their fatherland when an English vessel hove in sight on the James.

Chapter 5 of American Leaders and Heroes by Wilbur F. (Wilbur Fisk) Gordy holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of American Leaders and Heroes contain?

Chapter 5 holds 94 sentences of American Leaders and Heroes, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of American Leaders and Heroes by Wilbur F. (Wilbur Fisk) Gordy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of American Leaders and Heroes?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading American Leaders and Heroes

Common questions about reading American Leaders and Heroes by Wilbur F. (Wilbur Fisk) Gordy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of American Leaders and Heroes?

Yes. All 3757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35742 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of American Leaders and Heroes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35742, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does American Leaders and Heroes take to read?

About 313 minutes of reading across 752 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read American Leaders and Heroes section by section

How to work through American Leaders and Heroes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in American Leaders and Heroes

Words and structures a reader meets early in American Leaders and Heroes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Teaching
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Girls
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twelve
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.