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American Leaders and Heroes
American Leaders and Heroes

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of American Leaders and Heroes is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for American Leaders and Heroes
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.
Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.
One of these men was Benjamin Franklin.
He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.
His father was a candle-maker and soap-boiler.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

American Leaders and Heroes

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of American Leaders and Heroes is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.
Line 2
Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.
Line 3
One of these men was Benjamin Franklin.
/wʌn ʌv ðiːz men wɑːz ˈbendʒəmən ˈfræŋklɪn/
Line 4
He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.
Line 5
His father was a candle-maker and soap-boiler.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beginnings noun US /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading “Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.”

Benjamin noun US /ˈbendʒəmən/

gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

From this reading “Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.”

exerted verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading “Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.”

fifteenth adjective US /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading “He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.”

Franklin noun US /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading “Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.”

musket noun US /ˈmʌskət/

a muzzle-loading shoulder gun with a long barrel; formerly used by infantrymen

From this reading “Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.”

patriot noun US /ˈpeɪtriət/

one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading “Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.”

shouldered adjective US /ˈʃoʊldərd/

having shoulders or shoulders as specified; usually used as a combining form

From this reading “Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

powerful influence adjective + noun

In this reading “Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.”

brave men adjective + noun

In this reading “Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1706

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

1790

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

AidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

battle-field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

beginningsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

BenjaminnounUS /ˈbendʒəmən/

gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

candle-maker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father was a candle-maker and soap-boiler.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

exertedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father was a candle-maker and soap-boiler.

fifteenthadjectiveUS /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

FranklinnounUS /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His father was a candle-maker and soap-boiler.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

musketnounUS /ˈmʌskət/

a muzzle-loading shoulder gun with a long barrel; formerly used by infantrymen

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of these men was Benjamin Franklin.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

patriotnounUS /ˈpeɪtriət/

one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

seventeenadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːn/

being one more than sixteen

From this reading He was born in Boston in 1706, the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen children.

shoulderedadjectiveUS /ˈʃoʊldərd/

having shoulders or shoulders as specified; usually used as a combining form

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

soap-boiler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father was a candle-maker and soap-boiler.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading One of these men was Benjamin Franklin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Benjamin Franklin and Aid from France [1706-1790] American independence, the beginnings of which we have just been considering, was accomplished after a long struggle.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Many brave men fought on the battle-field, and many who never shouldered a musket or drew a sword exerted a powerful influence for the good of the patriot cause.

Chapter 15 of American Leaders and Heroes by Wilbur F. (Wilbur Fisk) Gordy holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of American Leaders and Heroes contain?

Chapter 15 holds 168 sentences of American Leaders and Heroes, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of American Leaders and Heroes by Wilbur F. (Wilbur Fisk) Gordy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of American Leaders and Heroes?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading American Leaders and Heroes

Common questions about reading American Leaders and Heroes by Wilbur F. (Wilbur Fisk) Gordy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of American Leaders and Heroes?

Yes. All 3757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35742 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of American Leaders and Heroes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35742, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does American Leaders and Heroes take to read?

About 313 minutes of reading across 752 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read American Leaders and Heroes section by section

How to work through American Leaders and Heroes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of American Leaders and Heroes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in American Leaders and Heroes

Words and structures a reader meets early in American Leaders and Heroes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Teaching
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Girls
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twelve
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Leaders and Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.