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American Literary Centers
American Literary Centers

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of American Literary Centers is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.
We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.
We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.
But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.
Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

American Literary Centers

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of American Literary Centers is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.
/wʌn ʌv ðə fækts wɪtʃ wiː əˈmerəkənz hæv ə ˈdɪfəkəlti ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ klɪr tuː ə ˈræðər ˌɪnəˈtentɪv wɜːrld ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɪz ðæt waɪl wiː hæv əˈperəntli ə ˈlɪtərətʃər ʌv ˈaʊər oʊn wiː hæv noʊ ˈlɪtəreri ˈsentər/
Line 2
We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.
/wiː hæv soʊ mʌtʃ ˈlɪtərətʃər ðæt frʌm taɪm tuː taɪm ɪt siːmz ˈiːvɪn tuː ʌs wiː mʌst hæv ə ˈlɪtəreri ˈsentər/
Line 3
We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.
/wiː seɪ tuː aʊərˈselvz wɪð ə ɡʊd diːl ʌv ˈlɑːdʒɪk wer ðer ɪz soʊ mʌtʃ smoʊk ðer mʌst biː sʌm ˈfaɪər ɔːr æt liːst ə ˈfaɪərpleɪs/
Line 4
But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.
/bʌt ɪt ɪz dʒʌst hiːr ðæt mɪˈsled baɪ trəˈdɪʃən ənd ˈiːvɪn baɪ ˈhɪstəri wiː dɪˈsiːv aʊərˈselvz/
Line 5
Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.
/ˈrɪli wiː hæv noʊ ˈfaɪərpleɪs fɔːr sʌtʃ ˈfaɪər æz wiː hæv ˈkɪndəld ɔːr ɪf ˈeni wʌn ɪz dɪˈspoʊzd tuː dɪˈnaɪ ðɪs ðen aɪ seɪ wiː hæv ə ˈdʌzən ˈfaɪərpleɪsəz wɪtʃ ɪz kwaɪt æz bæd soʊ fɑːr æz ðə ˈnoʊʃən ʌv ə ˈlɪtəreri ˈsentər ɪz kənˈsɜːrnd ɪf ɪt ɪz nɑːt wɜːrs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Americans noun US /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading “One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.”

fireplace noun US /ˈfaɪərpleɪs/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading “We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.”

fireplaces noun US /ˈfaɪərpleɪsəz/

plural of “fireplace” — an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading “Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.”

inattentive adjective US /ˌɪnəˈtentɪv/

showing a lack of attention or care

From this reading “One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.”

kindled adjective US /ˈkɪndəld/

set afire

From this reading “Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.”

logic noun US /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading “We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.”

misled verb US /mɪˈsled/

inflected form of “mislead” — lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

From this reading “But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.”

tradition noun US /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading “But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

deceiveverbUS /dɪˈsiːv/

be false to; be dishonest with

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

denyverbUS /dɪˈnaɪ/

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

disposedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspoʊzd/

having made preparations

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

fireplacenounUS /ˈfaɪərpleɪs/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

fireplacesnounUS /ˈfaɪərpleɪsəz/

plural of “fireplace” — an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

inattentiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəˈtentɪv/

showing a lack of attention or care

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

kindledadjectiveUS /ˈkɪndəld/

set afire

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

logicnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

misledverbUS /mɪˈsled/

inflected form of “mislead” — lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

notionnounUS /ˈnoʊʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

ReallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading But it is just here that, misled by tradition, and even by history, we deceive ourselves.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We have so much literature that from time to time it seems even to us we must have a literary centre.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We say to ourselves, with a good deal of logic, Where there is so much smoke there must be some fire, or at least a fireplace.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading One of the facts which we Americans have a difficulty in making clear to a rather inattentive world outside is that, while we have apparently a literature of our own, we have no literary centre.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading Really, we have no fireplace for such fire as we have kindled; or, if any one is disposed to deny this, then I say, we have a dozen fireplaces; which is quite as bad, so far as the notion of a literary centre is concerned, if it is not worse.

Chapter 1 of American Literary Centers by William Dean Howells holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of American Literary Centers contain?

Chapter 1 holds 108 sentences of American Literary Centers, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of American Literary Centers by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of American Literary Centers?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading American Literary Centers

Common questions about reading American Literary Centers by William Dean Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of American Literary Centers?

Yes. All 108 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of American Literary Centers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3382, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does American Literary Centers take to read?

About 9 minutes of reading across 22 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read American Literary Centers section by section

How to work through American Literary Centers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of American Literary Centers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in American Literary Centers

Words and structures a reader meets early in American Literary Centers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Facts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Literary Centers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Americans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Literary Centers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Difficulty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Literary Centers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Making
A word that appears in the opening chapter of American Literary Centers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.