Chapter II

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

plural of “anchor” — a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the two together, not just one

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

the act of conquering

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

for a limitless time

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

plural of “freeman” — a person who is not a serf or a slave

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

plural of “galley” — a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

the quality of shining with a bright reflected light

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

plural of “glory” — a state of high honor

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

a state of high honor

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

English novelist and Catholic (1904-1991)

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

rope or canvas headgear for a horse, with a rope for leading

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

be in charge of, act on, or dispose of

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

characteristic of or resembling Hell

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

law enacted by a legislative body

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

the literary culture

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

a trap for birds or small mammals; often has a slip noose

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

plural of “ranger” — a member of the Texas state highway patrol; formerly a mounted lawman who maintained order on the frontier

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

plural of “seaman” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

cause to go somewhere

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

characterized by obscenity

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

plural of “tory” — an American who favored the British side during the American Revolution

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

an old word for “to”

From this reading Success unto our allies In Holland, France, and Spain, Who man their ships and galleys, Our freedom to maintain; May they subdue the rangers Of proud Britannia, And drive them from their anchors In North America.

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

at the time that

From this reading Success unto the Congress Of these United States, Who glory in the conquests Of Washington and Gates; To all, both land and seamen, Who glory in the day When we shall all be freemen In North America.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Confusion to the tories, That black infernal name In which Great Britain glories, Forever to her shame; We'll send each foul revolter To smutty Africa, Or noose him in a halter In North America.

during the time that

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

which person or people

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Success to legislation, That rules with gentle hand, To trade and navigation By water and by land.

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading A health to our brave footmen, Who handle sword and gun, To Greene, and Gates, and Putnam, And conquering Washington; Their names be wrote in letters Which never will decay, While sun and moon do glitter On North America.