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Among Cannibals
Among Cannibals

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Among Cannibals is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Among Cannibals
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.
A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.
Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.
Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.
Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Among Cannibals

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Among Cannibals is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.
Line 2
A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.
Line 3
Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.
/stɪl ðeɪ ɑːr ˈeɪbəl tuː meɪk ðemˈselvz ˌʌndərˈstʊd baɪ ə kaɪnd ʌv saɪn ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/
Line 4
Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.
/naʊ ənd ðen ðə ˈneɪtɪvz send ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən tuː ˈʌðər traɪbz ənd ðɪs ɪz dʌn baɪ ðə eɪd ʌv ˈfɪɡjərz skrætʃt ɑːn ə ˈmesədʒ stɪk meɪd ʌv wʊd əˈbaʊt fɔːr tuː ˈsevən ˈɪntʃəz lɔːŋ ənd wʌn ɪntʃ waɪd/
Line 5
Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Australian noun US /ɔːˈstreɪljən/

a native or inhabitant of Australia

From this reading “A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.”

complicated adjective US /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading “Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.”

dialects noun US /ˈdaɪəlekts/

plural of “dialect” — the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading “Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.”

grammar noun US /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading “Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.”

origin noun US /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading “Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.”

Remarkably adverb US /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading “Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.”

scratched verb US /skrætʃt/

past form of “scratch” — cause friction

From this reading “Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.”

tribes noun US /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading “Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

different colours adjective + noun

In this reading “Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.”

seven inches noun + noun counted as “seven inch”

In this reading “Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.”

sign language noun + noun

language expressed by visible hand gestures

In this reading “Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.”

about four preposition + noun

In this reading “Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.”

other tribes adjective + noun counted as “other tribe”

In this reading “Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.”

by the aid preposition + article + noun counted as “by … aid”

In this reading “Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

AustraliannounUS /ɔːˈstreɪljən/

a native or inhabitant of Australia

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

coloursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

ComparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

complicatedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

dialectsnounUS /ˈdaɪəlekts/

plural of “dialect” — the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

fingerverbUS /ˈfɪŋɡər/

feel or handle with the fingers

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

grammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

HerbertnounUS /ˈhɜːrbərt/

United States musician and composer and conductor noted for his comic operas (1859-1924)

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

MessagenounUS /ˈmesədʒ/

a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

RemarkablyadverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

scratchedverbUS /skrætʃt/

past form of “scratch” — cause friction

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

sticksnounUS /stɪks/

plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Message sticks—The common origin of the dialects—Remarkably complicated grammar—The language on Herbert river—Comparison of a few dialects.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

uncivilisedadjective

without civilizing influences

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading Still they are able to make themselves understood by a kind of sign language.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Some of them are flat, while others are round and about as thick as a man’s finger; they often are painted in different colours.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Now and then the natives send information to other tribes, and this is done by the aid of figures scratched on a “message stick” made of wood, about four to seven inches long, and one inch wide.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading A race so uncivilised as the Australian natives has of course no written language.

Chapter 20 of Among Cannibals by Carl Lumholtz holds 286 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Among Cannibals contain?

Chapter 20 holds 286 sentences of Among Cannibals, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Among Cannibals by Carl Lumholtz exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 286 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Among Cannibals?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Among Cannibals

Common questions about reading Among Cannibals by Carl Lumholtz on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Among Cannibals?

Yes. All 6299 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66299 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Among Cannibals is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66299, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Among Cannibals take to read?

About 524 minutes of reading across 1260 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Among Cannibals to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Among Cannibals

Words and structures a reader meets early in Among Cannibals, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Among Cannibals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bookbinding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Among Cannibals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Among Cannibals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Undertook
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Among Cannibals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.