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An Alphabet of Quadrupeds
An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 30/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.
When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.
The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.
Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.
It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.
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An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 30/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 146–150

Line 1
It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.
/ɪt ɪz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ənd ˈvɪʃəs ˈkriːtʃər ənd ɪts ˈtempər ɪz nɑːt ɡʊd/
Line 2
When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.
Line 3
The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.
Line 4
Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.
Line 5
It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

darts noun US /dɑːrts/

a game in which small pointed missiles are thrown at a dartboard

From this reading “When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.”

forests noun US /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading “It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.”

lump noun US /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading “Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.”

male noun US /meɪl/

an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading “The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.”

slate noun US /sleɪt/

(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading “The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.”

tawny adjective US /ˈtɑːni/

of a light brown to brownish orange color; the color of tanned leather

From this reading “The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.”

tigers noun US /ˈtaɪɡərz/

a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka that began in 1970 as a student protest over the limited university access for Tamil students

From this reading “It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.”

vicious adjective US /ˈvɪʃəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading “It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

becomes the prey verb + article + noun counted as “become … prey”

In this reading “It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.”

drops down verb + adjective counted as “drop down”

fall or descend to a lower place or level

In this reading “When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.”

in the forests preposition + article + noun counted as “in … forest”

In this reading “It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

boars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

dartsnounUS /dɑːrts/

a game in which small pointed missiles are thrown at a dartboard

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

dropsnounUS /drɑːps/

plural of “drop” — a shape that is spherical and small

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

fore-legs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

ghau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

hinder-legs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

lumpnounUS /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

malenounUS /meɪl/

an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

nyl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

slatenounUS /sleɪt/

(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

tawnyadjectiveUS /ˈtɑːni/

of a light brown to brownish orange color; the color of tanned leather

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Its fore-legs are longer than its hinder-legs, and it has the appearance of having a small lump at its shoulder.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

tigersnounUS /ˈtaɪɡərz/

a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka that began in 1970 as a student protest over the limited university access for Tamil students

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

viciousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪʃəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading It is a powerful and vicious creature, and its temper is not good.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The hair of the nyl ghau is short and close, and is generally of a slate color in the male, and a tawny red in the female, except in the under parts of the body, which are always white.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading It is usually found in the forests of India, where it becomes the prey of the tigers and wild boars.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When it is about to make an attack, it drops down upon its fore-legs, and then darts quickly forward and gives a blow with its head, which is very dangerous.

Chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds by Anonymous holds 304 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds contain?

Chapter 1 holds 304 sentences of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds by Anonymous exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 304 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Common questions about reading An Alphabet of Quadrupeds by Anonymous on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds?

Yes. All 304 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40363 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40363, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Alphabet of Quadrupeds take to read?

About 25 minutes of reading across 61 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Alphabet of Quadrupeds, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frost's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Juvenile
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quadrupeds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.