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An Alphabet of Quadrupeds
An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for An Alphabet of Quadrupeds
Context Illustration Reading 52/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.
Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.
It is a very useful and docile animal.
In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.
The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 52/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 256–260

Line 1
Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.
Line 2
Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.
/ɪts hɔːrnz ɑːr ʃɔːrt ənd θɪk ənd bent ə ˈlɪtəl ˈbækwərdz ðer ɪz ˈɔːlsoʊ ə lʌmp ɑːn ðə ˈʃoʊldər wɪtʃ meɪks ɪt lʊk ˈklʌmzi/
Line 3
It is a very useful and docile animal.
/ɪt ɪz ə ˈveri ˈjuːsfəl ənd ˈdɑːsəl ˈænəməl/
Line 4
In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.
/ɪn ˈɪndiə ɪt ɪz juːzd æz ə ˈkɑːmən biːst ʌv ˈbɜːrdən ɪt ɪz ˈɔːlsoʊ meɪd tuː drɔː laɪt ˈwæɡənz ənd ɪz ˈiːvɪn juːzd fɔːr ˈraɪdɪŋ/
Line 5
The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

backwards adverb US /ˈbækwərdz/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading “Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.”

bigger adjective US /ˈbɪɡər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading “Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.”

calf noun US /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading “Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.”

clumsy adjective US /ˈklʌmzi/

lacking grace in movement or posture

From this reading “Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.”

docile adjective US /ˈdɑːsəl/

willing to be taught or led or supervised or directed

From this reading “It is a very useful and docile animal.”

horns noun US /hɔːrnz/

plural of “horn” — a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading “Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.”

lump noun US /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading “Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.”

wagons noun US /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading “In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading It is a very useful and docile animal.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

backwardsadverbUS /ˈbækwərdz/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

biggeradjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

calfnounUS /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

clumsyadjectiveUS /ˈklʌmzi/

lacking grace in movement or posture

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

docileadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːsəl/

willing to be taught or led or supervised or directed

From this reading It is a very useful and docile animal.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

hornsnounUS /hɔːrnz/

plural of “horn” — a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

IslandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

lumpnounUS /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

Others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading It is a very useful and docile animal.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It is a very useful and docile animal.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading In India it is used as a common beast of burden; it is also made to draw light wagons, and is even used for riding.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Others when full grown are no bigger than a small calf.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Its horns are short and thick, and bent a little backwards; there is also a lump on the shoulder, which makes it look clumsy.

Zebunoun

domesticated ox having a humped back and long horns and a large dewlap; used chiefly as a draft animal in India and east Asia

From this reading The Zebu is found not only in India, but in China, Eastern Africa, and the East India Islands.

Chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds by Anonymous holds 304 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds contain?

Chapter 1 holds 304 sentences of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds by Anonymous exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 304 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Common questions about reading An Alphabet of Quadrupeds by Anonymous on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds?

Yes. All 304 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40363 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40363, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Alphabet of Quadrupeds take to read?

About 25 minutes of reading across 61 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Alphabet of Quadrupeds section by section

How to work through An Alphabet of Quadrupeds section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Alphabet of Quadrupeds

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Alphabet of Quadrupeds, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frost's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Juvenile
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quadrupeds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Alphabet of Quadrupeds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.