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An American Politician: A Novel
An American Politician: A Novel

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of An American Politician: A Novel is here in full — 175 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
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Sherwood was a very old place.
It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.
His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.
The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.
Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An American Politician: A Novel

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of An American Politician: A Novel is here in full — 175 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sherwood was a very old place.
/ˈʃɜːrwʊd wɑːz ə ˈveri oʊld pleɪs/
Line 2
It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.
Line 3
His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.
Line 4
The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.
Line 5
Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

descendant noun US /dɪˈsendənt/

a person considered as descended from some ancestor

From this reading “His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.”

forbidding adjective US /fərˈbɪdɪŋ/

harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance

From this reading “Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.”

founder noun US /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading “It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.”

governors noun US /ˈɡʌvərnərz/

plural of “governor” — the head of a state government

From this reading “It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.”

hedges noun US /ˈhedʒɪz/

plural of “hedge” — a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes

From this reading “Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.”

Sherwood noun US /ˈʃɜːrwʊd/

United States playwright (1896-1955)

From this reading “Sherwood was a very old place.”

singularly adverb US /ˈsɪŋɡjələrli/

in a singular manner or to a singular degree

From this reading “The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.”

undergrowth noun US /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sherwood was a very old place.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

Brandon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

country-seat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

descendantnounUS /dɪˈsendənt/

a person considered as descended from some ancestor

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

dilapidationnoun

a state of deterioration due to old age or long use

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

forbiddingadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪdɪŋ/

harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

foundernounUS /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

governorsnounUS /ˈɡʌvərnərz/

plural of “governor” — the head of a state government

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

great-unclenoun

an uncle of your father or mother

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

hedgesnounUS /ˈhedʒɪz/

plural of “hedge” — a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Sherwood was a very old place.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Sherwood was a very old place.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

Rhode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

SherwoodnounUS /ˈʃɜːrwʊd/

United States playwright (1896-1955)

From this reading Sherwood was a very old place.

singularlyadverbUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələrli/

in a singular manner or to a singular degree

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

Sybil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His last descendant in the direct line was Sybil Brandon's great-uncle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

undergrowthnounUS /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

unpruned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Sherwood was a very old place.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sherwood was a very old place.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The old country-seat was remarkable chiefly for the extent of the gardens attached to the house, and for the singularly advanced state of dilapidation in which everything was allowed to remain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Beyond the gardens the woods stretched down to the sea, unpruned and thick with a heavy undergrowth; from the road the gardens were hidden by thick hedges, and by the forbidding gray front of the building.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It had been built a hundred years at least before the Revolution in the days when the States had English governors, and when its founder had been governor of Rhode Island.

Chapter 20 of An American Politician: A Novel by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 175 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of An American Politician: A Novel contain?

Chapter 20 holds 175 sentences of An American Politician: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of An American Politician: A Novel by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 175 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of An American Politician: A Novel?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An American Politician: A Novel

Common questions about reading An American Politician: A Novel by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An American Politician: A Novel?

Yes. All 4728 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7374 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An American Politician: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7374, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An American Politician: A Novel take to read?

About 394 minutes of reading across 946 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An American Politician: A Novel section by section

How to work through An American Politician: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in An American Politician: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in An American Politician: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wyndham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Politician: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Generally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Politician: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
O'clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Politician: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Established
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Politician: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.