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An American Robinson Crusoe
An American Robinson Crusoe

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of An American Robinson Crusoe is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for An American Robinson Crusoe
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.
He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.
He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?
He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.
He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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An American Robinson Crusoe

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of An American Robinson Crusoe is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.
Line 2
He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.
/hiː hæd siːn ðə ˈsɜːrvənts æt hoʊm meɪk bred ˈmeni taɪmz bʌt hiː hæd nɑːt əbˈzɜːrvd ˈkloʊsli ənd nuː nekst tuː ˈnʌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ bred ɪz meɪd/
Line 3
He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?
Line 4
He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.
/hiː hæd noʊ mɪl nɔːr ˈeni tuːlz wɪð wɪtʃ tuː krʌʃ ðə kɔːrn/
Line 5
He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.
/hiː fɜːrst traɪd tuː faɪnd ə stoʊn lɑːrdʒ ənd hɑːrd ɪˈnʌf aʊt ʌv wɪtʃ hiː maɪt ˈhɑːloʊ ə ˈvesəl ɔːr kaɪnd ʌv ˈmɔːrtər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

baker noun US /ˈbeɪkər/

someone who bakes commercially

From this reading “XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.”

crush verb US /krʌʃ/

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading “He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.”

flour noun US /ˈflaʊər/

fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain

From this reading “He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?”

grind verb US /ɡraɪnd/

press or grind with a crushing noise

From this reading “He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?”

mill verb US /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading “He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.”

mortar noun US /ˈmɔːrtər/

a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading “He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.”

robinson noun US /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading “XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.”

tools noun US /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading “He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

BAKERnounUS /ˈbeɪkər/

someone who bakes commercially

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

crushverbUS /krʌʃ/

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

flournounUS /ˈflaʊər/

fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

grindverbUS /ɡraɪnd/

press or grind with a crushing noise

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

hollowadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːloʊ/

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

millverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

mortarnounUS /ˈmɔːrtər/

a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

ROBINSONnounUS /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He knew he must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this?

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He had seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.

XXXIadjective

being one more than thirty

From this reading XXXI ROBINSON AS BAKER Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread.

Chapter 4 of An American Robinson Crusoe by Samuel B. (Samuel Buell) [Adapter] Allison holds 444 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of An American Robinson Crusoe contain?

Chapter 4 holds 444 sentences of An American Robinson Crusoe, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of An American Robinson Crusoe by Samuel B. (Samuel Buell) [Adapter] Allison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 444 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of An American Robinson Crusoe?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An American Robinson Crusoe

Common questions about reading An American Robinson Crusoe by Samuel B. (Samuel Buell) [Adapter] Allison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An American Robinson Crusoe?

Yes. All 2211 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7799 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An American Robinson Crusoe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7799, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An American Robinson Crusoe take to read?

About 184 minutes of reading across 443 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An American Robinson Crusoe section by section

How to work through An American Robinson Crusoe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of An American Robinson Crusoe to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An American Robinson Crusoe

Words and structures a reader meets early in An American Robinson Crusoe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Samuel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Allison
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robinson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An American Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.