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An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill
An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.
They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.
They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.
Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.
The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.
/ʌv ɔːl ðə ˈɪndiənz aɪ ɪnˈkaʊntərd ɪn maɪ jɪrz ɑːn ðə pleɪnz ðə moʊst riˈsɔːrsfəl ənd ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt æz wel æz ðə moʊst ˈdeɪndʒərəs wɜːr ðə suː/
Line 2
They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.
Line 3
They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.
/ðeɪ ˈmæstərd ðə waɪt mænz ˈtæktɪks æz suːn æz ðeɪ hæd æn ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti tuː əbˈzɜːrv ðem/
Line 4
Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.
/ˌɪnsɪˈdentəli ðeɪ səˈplaɪd ɔːl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ənd əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ waɪt kəˈmændərz wɪð ə ɡreɪt diːl ðæt wɑːz wel wɜːrθ ˈlɜːrnɪŋ ɪn ðə ɑːrt ʌv ˈwɔːrfer/
Line 5
The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.
/ðə suː fɔːt tuː wɪn ənd ɪn ə ˈdesprɪt ɪnˈkaʊntər wɜːr ˌæbsəˈluːtli ˈrekləs ʌv laɪf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.”

Incidentally adverb US /ˌɪnsɪˈdentəli/

introducing a different topic

From this reading “Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.”

mastered adjective US /ˈmæstərd/

understood perfectly

From this reading “They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.”

resourceful adjective US /riˈsɔːrsfəl/

having inner resources; adroit or imaginative

From this reading “Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.”

Sioux noun US /suː/

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

From this reading “Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.”

strategy noun US /ˈstrætədʒi/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading “They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.”

tactics noun US /ˈtæktɪks/

the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy

From this reading “They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.”

warfare noun US /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

combinedadjectiveUS /kəmˈbaɪnd/

made or joined or united into one

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

dare-devils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

IncidentallyadverbUS /ˌɪnsɪˈdentəli/

introducing a different topic

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

masteredadjectiveUS /ˈmæstərd/

understood perfectly

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

PlainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

resourcefuladjectiveUS /riˈsɔːrsfəl/

having inner resources; adroit or imaginative

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

SiouxnounUS /suː/

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

strategynounUS /ˈstrætədʒi/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

tacticsnounUS /ˈtæktɪks/

the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading They mastered the white man's tactics as soon as they had an opportunity to observe them.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading The Sioux fought to win, and in a desperate encounter were absolutely reckless of life.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They had the courage of dare-devils combined with real strategy.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Incidentally they supplied all thinking and observing white commanders with a great deal that was well worth learning in the art of warfare.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Of all the Indians I encountered in my years on the Plains the most resourceful and intelligent, as well as the most dangerous, were the Sioux.

Chapter 11 of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill by Buffalo Bill holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill contain?

Chapter 11 holds 82 sentences of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill by Buffalo Bill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill

Common questions about reading An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill by Buffalo Bill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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