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An Elementary Study of Insects
An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.
Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.
This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.
For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.
It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.
/ðə ˈæpəl wɜːrm ðɪs ɪz pərˈhæps ðə moʊst dɪˈstrʌktɪv ˈɪnsekt pest əˈtækɪŋ ðə ˈæpəl/
Line 2
Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.
Line 3
This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.
/ðɪs miːnz æn ˈæktʃəwəl lɔːs ʌv ˈθaʊzəndz ʌv ˈdɑːlərz ə jɪr tuː ðə ˈæpəl ˈɡroʊərz ʌv ðɪs ˈkʌntri/
Line 4
For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.
/fɔːr ðɪs ˈriːzən əˈloʊn iːtʃ tʃaɪld ʃʊd kʌm tuː noʊ ðə laɪf ˈhɪstəri ˈhæbəts ənd ˈɪndʒəri ʌv ðɪs pest/
Line 5
It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.
/ɪt ɪz moʊst dɪˈstrʌktɪv tuː ðə ˈæpəl ðoʊ ðə per kʌmz ɪn fɔːr ɪts ʃer/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attacking adjective US /əˈtækɪŋ/

disposed to attack

From this reading “THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.”

bushels noun US /ˈbʊʃəlz/

plural of “bushel” — a United States dry measure equal to 4 pecks or 2152.42 cubic inches

From this reading “Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.”

destructive adjective US /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading “THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.”

growers noun US /ˈɡroʊərz/

plural of “grower” — someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil

From this reading “This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.”

insect noun US /ˈɪnsekt/

small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading “THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.”

pear noun US /per/

sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties

From this reading “It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.”

pest noun US /pest/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading “THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.”

worm noun US /wɜːrm/

any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae

From this reading “THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

APPLEnounUS /ˈæpəl/

fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

applesnounUS /ˈæpəlz/

plural of “apple” — fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

attackingadjectiveUS /əˈtækɪŋ/

disposed to attack

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

bushelsnounUS /ˈbʊʃəlz/

plural of “bushel” — a United States dry measure equal to 4 pecks or 2152.42 cubic inches

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

cropnounUS /krɑːp/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

dollarsnounUS /ˈdɑːlərz/

plural of “dollar” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

growersnounUS /ˈɡroʊərz/

plural of “grower” — someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

insectnounUS /ˈɪnsekt/

small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

pearnounUS /per/

sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

pestnounUS /pest/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading For this reason alone each child should come to know the life history, habits and injury of this pest.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It is most destructive to the apple though the pear comes in for its share.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This means an actual loss of thousands of dollars a year to the apple growers of this country.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

WORMnounUS /wɜːrm/

any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae

From this reading THE APPLE WORM This is perhaps the most destructive insect pest attacking the apple.

wormyadjective

infested with or damaged (as if eaten) by worms

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

worthlessadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrθləs/

lacking in usefulness or value

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Every year, that we have a good apple crop, there are thousands of bushels of wormy apples which are practically worthless.

Chapter 8 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of An Elementary Study of Insects contain?

Chapter 8 holds 52 sentences of An Elementary Study of Insects, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects

Common questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Yes. All 909 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23434 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Elementary Study of Insects is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23434, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Elementary Study of Insects take to read?

About 75 minutes of reading across 182 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Elementary Study of Insects section by section

How to work through An Elementary Study of Insects section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of An Elementary Study of Insects to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Elementary Study of Insects

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Elementary Study of Insects, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Discussion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Behavior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Colony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remarkable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.