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An Elementary Study of Insects
An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 31 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.
Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.
They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.
Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.
This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.
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An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 31 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.
Line 2
Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.
/ˈevəri wʌn huː hæz ˈfɑːloʊd ə plaʊ ɪn rɪtʃ sɑːd lænd hæz siːn ðiːz fæt waɪt kɔɪld ɡrʌbz roʊl daʊn ˈɪntuː ðə ˈfɜːroʊ wen ðə plaʊ tɜːrnz ðem ʌp/
Line 3
They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ɪn ðə ɡraʊnd ˈfiːdɪŋ ɑːn ðə ruːts ʌv plænts/
Line 4
Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.
/ˈɔːfən ɔːl ðə ruːts ʌv ɡræs ɪn lɔːnz ənd ˈmedoʊz ɑːr ˈiːtən ɔːf ənd ðə sɑːd daɪz ənd kæn biː roʊld ʌp laɪk strɪps ʌv ˈkɑːrpət/
Line 5
This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.
/ðɪs ˈɪnsekt briːdz ˈlɑːrdʒli ɪn sɑːd ənd wen ðɪs ɪz plaʊd ˈʌndər ənd ˈʌðər krɑːps ɑːr ˈplæntɪd ðə ɡrʌbz meɪ ˈɪndʒər ðem səˈvɪrli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breeds noun US /briːdz/

plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species

From this reading “This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.”

coiled adjective US /kɔɪld/

curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals)

From this reading “Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.”

furrow verb US /ˈfɜːroʊ/

hollow out in the form of a furrow or groove

From this reading “Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.”

grubs noun US /ɡrʌbz/

plural of “grub” — informal terms for a meal

From this reading “Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.”

lawns noun US /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading “Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.”

plow verb US /plaʊ/

to break and turn over earth especially with a plow

From this reading “Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.”

plowed adjective US /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading “This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.”

sod noun US /sɑːd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading “Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

breedsnounUS /briːdz/

plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

carpetnounUS /ˈkɑːrpət/

floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

coiledadjectiveUS /kɔɪld/

curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals)

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

feedingnounUS /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

furrowverbUS /ˈfɜːroʊ/

hollow out in the form of a furrow or groove

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

GRUBnounUS /ɡrʌb/

informal terms for a meal

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

grubsnounUS /ɡrʌbz/

plural of “grub” — informal terms for a meal

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

injureverbUS /ˈɪndʒər/

cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

insectnounUS /ˈɪnsekt/

small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

JUNE-BUG

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

lawnsnounUS /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

meadowsnounUS /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

OftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

plantedadjectiveUS /ˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

plowverbUS /plaʊ/

to break and turn over earth especially with a plow

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

plowedadjectiveUS /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

severelyadverbUS /səˈvɪrli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

sodnounUS /sɑːd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

stripsnounUS /strɪps/

plural of “strip” — a relatively long narrow piece of something

From this reading Often all the roots of grass in lawns and meadows are eaten off and the sod dies and can be rolled up like strips of carpet.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are in the ground feeding on the roots of plants.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading This insect breeds largely in sod and when this is plowed under and other crops are planted the grubs may injure them severely.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

WHITEnounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading THE WHITE GRUB OR JUNE-BUG This insect is more familiar to country children in the grub stage.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Every one who has followed a plow in rich sod land has seen these fat, white coiled grubs roll down into the furrow when the plow turns them up.

Chapter 11 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman holds 31 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of An Elementary Study of Insects contain?

Chapter 11 holds 31 sentences of An Elementary Study of Insects, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 31 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects

Common questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Yes. All 910 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23434 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Elementary Study of Insects is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23434, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Elementary Study of Insects take to read?

About 75 minutes of reading across 182 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Elementary Study of Insects section by section

How to work through An Elementary Study of Insects section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of An Elementary Study of Insects to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Elementary Study of Insects

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Elementary Study of Insects, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Discussion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Behavior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Colony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remarkable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.